http://ijeab.com/ Open Access international Journal to publish research paper en-us December 2017 This research attempted to analyze the variation of surface water quality in Kelani River and finally to create a mathematical model for the Water Quality Index (WQI) by using the data that have been obtained. Kelani River is the second largest river in Sri Lanka while being the most polluted river in the country. It is one of the main sources of drinking water for human beings while being the home for many aquatic species. The ecological aspects of Kelani River are threatened due to the increasing number of industries along both sides of the watershed. The present study is conducted to analyze the water quality in Kelani River using six parameters including pH, Turbidity, Temperature, Total phosphate, Nitrates, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), and ultimately finding the Water Quality Index (WQI) by collecting 5 sets of samples from seven locations from March 2017 to August 2017. The highest WQI (72.90) was reported near the Water Treatment Plant in Biyagama, while the lowest WQI (62.98) was achieved near the Water Board Pump in Ambathale. Water quality of five of the samples were in good quality range and the other two samples were in medium quality range. A mathematical model for WQI was created using the above mentioned six water quality parameters. http://ijeab.com/detail/analysis-of-variation-of-water-quality-in-kelani-river-sri-lanka/ N.M.DE.A. Abeysinghe, M.B. Samarakoon http://ijeab.com/upload_document/issue_files/1 IJEAB-OCT-2017-30-Analysis of Variation of Water Quality.pdf The study examined the comparative economic analysis of rice processing methods in Benue state, Nigeria. Random sampling technique was used to select 63 respondents made up of modern and traditional rice processing methods. The study also identified the major inputs used in rice processing, estimate the cost and returns in processing rice; identify the major factors militating against the modern rice processing methods .primary data were collected using structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, gross margin and cobb-Douglas production model. The result of the analysis showed that the modern rice processors were dominated (74.6%) by male while the traditional were dominated (75.4%) by female. The gross margin for the modern rice processing methods was N16,770.00 per 100kg of rice higher than the traditional with N4,143.00 per 100kg of rice. The milling capacity of the modern was 200 kg/min. as against 50 kg/min. in the traditional methods. The study identified lack of awareness, low capital, poor infrastructure, and lack of skilled technical workers as factors militating on the adoption of the modern methods. The study recommended that the government should subsidized the cost of modern technology equipment’s for the processors. The processors should form cooperative groups to help train their members to acquire technical skills and also to access inputs and other resources that will boost their business. http://ijeab.com/detail/comparative-economic-analysis-of-rice-processing-methods-in-benue-state-nigeria/ D.T. Tondo http://ijeab.com/upload_document/issue_files/2 IJEAB-AUG-2017-3-Comparative Economic Analysis.pdf The insecticidal Bt Cry1Ac protein is, currently used for transgene expression in numerous crops or deliberating resistance against lepidopteron pests. Since the introduction of Bt cotton in Pakistan. It has been demonstrated that the technology has achieved the goal of providing an effective tool for lepidopteron control. In this study, single step, sensitive and specific dipstick strip test for the revealing of recombinant Cry1Ac protein in the transgenic plants was established. Anti-Bt-Cry1Ac antibodies and goat anti-rabbit IgG antibodies were used in test and control lines, respectively. The distance betweenthese lines were optimized as 0.5 cm. Polyclonal rabbit anti Bt-Cry1Ac antibody conjugated to nanocolloidal gold (20 nm of OD 15 and 40 nm; OD 1 in separate experiments) at pH 9.2 was used to serve as a probe for detecting Cry1Ac protein in transgenic Bt cotton samples. Both conjugate solutions were coated on separate polyester conjugate pads (0.7 cm × 0.5 cm). The total size of strip was 7.5 cm × 0.5 cm. For 20 nm gold conjugated strip, purple color test line and for 40 nm gold red color test line indicated the binding of gold labeled antibodies to antigen. The assay was corroborated with transgenic cotton samples with protein extraction buffer 1X PBS of pH 7. This on-site test offers fast screening for any genetically modified crop devouring Cry1Ac transgenic protein. http://ijeab.com/detail/establishment-of-dipstick-development-technology-for-detection-of-cry1ac-in-transgenic-plants/ Muhammad Irfan, Muhammad Asif, Aftab Bashir, Kauser Abdullah Malik http://ijeab.com/upload_document/issue_files/3 IJEAB-OCT-2017-37-Establishment of Dipstick.pdf The present study reveals that the relation between rainfall Precipitation with landslides was carried out. The Precipitation data were collected from IWS (Institution of Water Studies) and analyzed for annual and season wise for the period from 2006 to 2015. The Precipitation data were interpret tolated through spatial distribution methods in GIS and correlated with existing landslide locations. The spatial output of rainfall contour shows that larger area of rainfall is covered with higher amount in Northeast Monsoon when compared to other seasons. However, an almost equal amount of rainfall was noticed in Southwest Monsoon. The above data were taken into a GIS. Using this data, spatial interpolation maps were prepared. It clearly reveals that, high amount of rainfall and existence of landslides occurs throughout the Coonoor region and Wellington and Moderate amount of rainfall and existence of landslides in Kothagiri and Ooty region. This paper highlights the application of GIS in spatially locating the relation between precipitation and landslides. http://ijeab.com/detail/geospatial-technology-based-rainfall-precipitation-assessment-with-landslides-in-mettupalayam-aravankadu-highway-tamilnadu/ Ganesh R, Gowtham B, Manivel T http://ijeab.com/upload_document/issue_files/4 IJEAB-OCT-2017-39-Geospatial Technology Based Rainfall.pdf The need to build up the knowledge of the current situation regarding the household demand for African breadfruit (Treculia africana) in Owerri Agricultural Zone of Imo State, Nigeria led to this study. The specific objectives of the study were to determine the household demand for African breadfruit and to estimate price, income and cross-price elasticities of demand for African breadfruit. One hypothesis was tested. Multi-stage random sampling technique was used in selecting sixty (60) households who consume breadfruit who were interviewed with a well structured questionnaire. Data collected were analysed using frequency distribution, percentages and elasticity of demand model. The findings of the study showed that the household demand for breadfruit is very high (63%) in the study area. The mean quantity demanded per month was 7kg (40 cups). Majority of the respondents consume 70% of their harvest. The result of multiple regression analysis showed that increase in household demand and price of substitute will lead to an increase in quantity demanded of African breadfruit. It was recommended that more farmers need to get involved in the production of breadfruit as it is highly demanded for its food and non-food uses. http://ijeab.com/detail/economics-of-household-demand-for-african-breadfruit-treculia-africana-in-owerri-agricultural-zone-of-imo-state-nigeria/ Ohajianya Donatus O., Osuafor Ogonna O. http://ijeab.com/upload_document/issue_files/5 IJEAB-OCT-2017-36-Economics of Household Demand.pdf Effective clearance of different types of waste has become significant to sustain healthy environment. Vermicomposting has become a suitable substitute for the safe, hygienic and cost effective disposal of organic solid wastes. Earthworms decompose organic waste leading to the production of compost which is high in nutrient content. The present work has been designed to reveal competitive and / or beneficial interactions by studying the inter-specific interactions in terms of growth, maturation, survival and vermicomposting efficiency of two earthworm species Eisenia foetida and Eudrilus eugenia exposed to green leaf litter of Eucalyptus and measured physical variables during entire process. The complete process was taken fourteen weeks.Work was done in plastic beans in four set. 100 % cattle dung was also taken as a control. During the process following parameters viz. pH, temperature, biomass reduction and moisture content were analysed.pHof vermicomposting substrate was recorded low initially acidic but at last stage set in alkaline range. In case of temperature, it was changed 16-18°C ± 1°C from initial value. This was higher than control cattle dung (13°C± 1°C). Organic biomass was also depleted during process which was about 70-71 % ±1 % from initial level as compaired to cattle dung (46 %). Moisture content was lowerinitially then increased and set at high level. http://ijeab.com/detail/vermicomposting-of-green-eucalyptus-leaf-litter-by-eisenia-foetida-and-eudrilus-eugenia/ Miss. Ritu Nagar, Dr. Anurag Titov, Dr. Praveesh Bhati http://ijeab.com/upload_document/issue_files/6 IJEAB-OCT-2017-54-Vermicomposting of green Eucalyptus.pdf The present study reports the results of the production of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis aureus) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) in the classical aquaponic system (one-loop) with different fish density. The experiment as the first scientific aquaponics study in Turkey was conducted at the Ankara University, Faculty of Agriculture, using in-door, small-scale classical aquaponic systems. Ninety six tilapia juveniles (O. aureus) were stocked at different ratio; 25 kg/m3 (Group I), 35 kg/m3 (Group II) and 50 kg/m3 (Group III) and fed with 45% raw protein feed at the level of 2% body weight for 126 days. Fish density affected the fish growth parameters and the most densiest group showed the best results in terms of fish growth and feed efficiency. Water quality parameters measured fluctated during the experiment even the exceed of the optimal ranges for the fish. However, tilapia tolerated the changes of water quality. Total plant biomass was low with the various limiting factors including insufficient lighting of in-door aquaponics system and low level of water potassium. The results of this study clearly illustrate the fish stocking rate has an impact on total biomass in the aquaponics and in one-loop aquaponics the water quality fluctation is the main challenging factor. http://ijeab.com/detail/role-of-stocking-density-of-tilapia-oreochromis-aureus-on-fish-growth-water-quality-and-tomato-solanum-lycopersicum-plant-biomass-in-the-aquaponic-system/ Hijran Yavuzcan Yıldız, Süleyman Bekcan http://ijeab.com/upload_document/issue_files/7 IJEAB-NOV-2017-5-Role of stocking density of tilapia.pdf Counseling of integrated crop management technology is done to reduce the negative impact on the environment through various ways either through formal or informal media, but in fact the utilization of technological innovation tends to decrease because of difficult farmer attitude accept technological innovation offered. The purpose of this research is to see the relationship of agricultural extension media, consumer behavior and adoption of integrated crop management technology of chili. The study was first conducted in Maros regency, conducted in April-August 2017. Data were collected randomly (simple random sampling) and interviews were conducted to 85 respondents in a structured manner using a pre-prepared questionnaire. Data analysis was done using two methods: (1) descriptive statistical analysis, and (2) quantitative analysis. Descriptive analysis to explain extension media, farmer attitude and farmer adoption, measured using index aid. Quantitative analysis uses Chie Square analysis. The results showed that there was no significant correlation between media of counseling with farmer attitude and there was significant correlation between media of counseling with application of integrated crop management technology of chili by farmer. Extension activities through extension media need to be improved and the choice of extension media should be in accordance with the needs and conditions of local farmers, so that counseling can be achieved. Farmers' attitude toward technology should be directed to arrive at a process of action to adopt technology. http://ijeab.com/detail/relationship-between-media-counselling-farmer-s-attitudes-and-adoption-of-integrated-crop-management-technology-of-chili/ Eka Triana Yuniarsih, Nixia Tenriawaru, Siti Khaerani http://ijeab.com/upload_document/issue_files/8 IJEAB-OCT-2017-45-Relationship between Media.pdf Investigating effects of partial (50%) or total (100%) substitution of clover hay by tannins-rich plant (Acacia saligna) on productive and reproductive performance of ewe lambs was the main goal of this study. Two experiments were conducted: first focusing on digestibility and N balance using 9 Barky rams (live body weight, 43 ± 2.5 kg) where animals were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 3); control (C), 50% Acacia (AS50%) and 100% Acacia (AS100%); second focusing on productive and reproductive performance of ewe-lambs (n=18) where animals were divided into three groups (n=6); C, AS50% and AS100%. This experiment started 2 months before mating and continued till weaning. Dry matter intake decreased (P http://ijeab.com/detail/productive-and-reproductive-traits-of-sheep-fed-acacia-saligna-leaves-based-diets/ Sobhy M.A. Sallam, Mohamed N. El-Gendy, Mohamed M. Anwar, Wael G. Fahmy, Samir Z. El-Zarkouny, Nesrin M. Hashem, Adel N. M. Nour El-Din, Marwa F.A. Attia, El-Saeed A. El-wakeel, Moustafa M. Zeitoun http://ijeab.com/upload_document/issue_files/9 IJEAB-OCT-2017-38-Productive and Reproductive.pdf In present study Scoria, a volcanic ash identified as potentially efficient low-cost and locally available filter media as an adsorbent for the treatment of tannery wastewater and investigated as a filter media for tannery wastewater treatment with selected physicochemical parameters. This study had been conducted in Addis Ababa University from May to August 2016.The volcanic rocks were collected from volcanic cones of refit valley area of Oromia region, Ethiopia and their chemical characteristics were determined using XRF analysis. Batch mode comparative experimental study design has been carried out. The filter media was crushed and graded and effective size was determined by using standard sieve. The composite sample of wastewater was collected from Dire tannery, Addis Ababa Ethiopia. The physicochemical analysis of wastewater samples has been done before and after 24, 48, and 72 hours treatment using standard methods. Mean and standard deviations were calculated for each parameter. R statistical software was run for data analysis. Based on this investigation, characterization of the untreated tannery wastewater revealed that the mean concentration of BOD5, COD, TSS or orthophosphate, ammonium, nitrite, nitrate, sulfide, sulfate and chromium were 1081±159.55, 12913±6874.7, 2426±515.2, 168±74, 314±59.9, 1.7±0.29, 124±12.8, 417±130.7, 1307±224 and 35.7±8.6 mg/l respectively. Nitrate removal efficiency of scoria was 99% at RT= 72 hours. However phosphate removal was better by scoria on the first 24 and 48 hours but then again at RT=72hours scoria removes 63% only. The efficiency of scoria shows from 75-77%. In the first 24 and 48 hours retention time scoria achieved 71% chromium reduction. Considering all the selected tannery wastewater parameters for this study, the average treatment efficiency of scoriawas58.8% and 63.4% at RT=24 hours, and 67.5% at RT= 48 hours respectively and equivalent result (68.3%efficiency)was obtained after 72 hours. The results shows scoria substrates has a potential to treat tannery wastewater. http://ijeab.com/detail/treatment-of-tannery-wastewater-to-remove-hazardous-pollutants-by-scoria-volcanic-ash-a-low-cost-adsorbent/ Mekonnen Birhanie, Seyoum Leta, Mohammed Mazharuddin Khan http://ijeab.com/upload_document/issue_files/10 IJEAB-NOV-2017-3-Treatment of Tannery Wastewater.pdf Rust caused by Puccinia substriata var. penicillariae is one of the major disease affecting both forage and grain production in pearl millet. An attempt was made to manage pearl millet rust using plant product, bioagent and fungicides under screen house and field conditions. The experiment was conducted on susceptible hybrid HHB 197 both under screen house and field condition with eight treatments. Observation on rust severity recorded at grain filling stage. The experiment results indicated that all the treatments were effective in managing the disease but amongst them minimum disease severity (11.7%) and (21.7%) was contracted under screen house and field conditions respectively in treatment of Propiconazole 25% EC (0.1%) followed by Hexaconazole 5% EC (0.1%) and Copper oxychloride 50% WP (0.2%), Carbendazim 50% WP (0.2%), Mancozeb 75% WP (0.2%), Azadirachtin 0.15% (1500 ppm), Trichoderma viride (3%) treated pots and plot. Maximum grain yield (514.7 kg/acre), test weight (8.13 g) and Benefit: cost 3.98: 1 was observed in Propiconazole 25% EC (0.1%) sprayed plot followed by Hexaconazole 5% EC (0.1%) under field conditions. http://ijeab.com/detail/management-of-rust-in-pearl-millet-caused-by-puccinia-substriata-var-penicillariae-using-plant-product-bioagent-and-fungicides/ Annu, Kushal Raj, Pooja Sangwan http://ijeab.com/upload_document/issue_files/11 IJEAB-NOV-2017-11-Management of Rust in Pearl.pdf Soil salinity is one of the most important abiotic stresses that limit crop production. Responses of six breeding lines (BD-7755, BD-7757, BD-9008, BD-9011, BD-10122, BD-10123 which were named as G1, G2, G3, G4, G5 and G6 respectively) of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L) to NaCl stress were studied in callus induction. Hypocotyl and cotyledon segments were chosen as explants for callus induction in vitro. The six investigated tomato genotypes differed in their callus growth. Tomato seeds were cultured for callus formation and that callus were treated with 0 mM (control), 50 mM, 100 mM, 150 mM and 200 mM NaCl in nutrient solutions. The effect of the stress applied on the callus was evaluated in 10 DAT (Days After Treatment) and 17 DAT. Different concentrations of NaCl in the medium significantly affected the biomass callus size and callus weight of tomato. G2 and G6 showed excellent performance of tolerance up to 50 mM of NaCl. G6 showed better performance under high salt concentrations i.e., at 100 mM and 200 mM but not at low salt stress. It indicates the expression of functional gene occurs at high salt stress. However it is possible to select callus line tolerant to elevated levels of NaCl stress by sudden exposure to high of NaCl, accordingly a NaCl tolerant cell line was selected from hypocotyls and cotyledon derived callus of tomato which proved to be a true cell line variant. The interaction effect of variety and treatmentrevealed that genotype G6 and G1 were the highest and lowest performer respectively. These findings indicated some salt tolerant tomato genotypes which will be promising for regeneration and for future breeding program. It is quiet necessary to asses accumulation of proline and the anti-oxidant enzymes like Super Oxide Dismutase, Ascorbate Peroxidase and Catalase from the control and stressed callus as they are the indicator of salt tolerance. It is evident that tissue culture technique was able to evaluate several genotypes for salt tolerance into cell level under controlled environment with relatively little space and less time required comparing with such process studies at the whole plant level. http://ijeab.com/detail/in-vitro-selection-of-calli-for-salt-tolerance-in-tomato-solanum-lycopersicum-l/ A. Biswas, Md. R. Islam., MRU Rashed, N. Zeba http://ijeab.com/upload_document/issue_files/12 IJEAB-NOV-2017-17-In Vitro Selection of Calli for.pdf Momordica charantia, is widely used as a medicinal plant. Studies have revealed that they contain an array of biologically active proteins like momordin which act as anti-tumor, anti-diabetic, and anti-rheumatic. Since momordin is an active compound, we have made a thorough study on the presence of momordin in the leave and fruit extracts of white and green varieties of the plant. Momordin eluted at 3.84-3.85 min under the standardized HPLC condition. It was found that the momordin was present only in the methanolic extracts of fruit and leave samples and not in the water extracts. The leave samples were found to be contained more quantity of momordin (2878.57 µg/mL) when compared with the fruit extract (72.72 µg/mL). It was also observed that green variety of bitter gourd contained more momordin than white varieties. http://ijeab.com/detail/a-comparative-quantitative-study-on-momordin-in-the-fruit-and-leave-extracts-of-two-different-cultivars-of-momordicacharantia-linn/ Jobi Xavier, Jayaram Reddy http://ijeab.com/upload_document/issue_files/13 IJEAB-NOV-2017-16-A comparative Quantitative study.pdf Suitability evaluation of soils of ohimini area of Benue state, Nigeria for sustainable rainfed arable crop production was carried out. This study evaluates the suitability and limitations of soils of Ohimini area of Benue State for sustainable maize and Rice production. The research was carried out in Atlo,Ochobo, Atakpa, Ojano,Ijami and Anmoda areas within Ohimin area of Benue State, Nigeria. Soil sampling was carried out from July to August, 2014 at six different locations at 0 - 15 cm and 15 – 30. The bulk samples were air dried and gently crushed using mortar and pestle. The samples were then passed through 2 mm sieve for laboratory analysis. The suitability of the soils was assessed for Rice and Maize by matching their characteristics with the requirements of the crops and their critical limits. The suitability class of a soil is that indicated by its most limiting characteristics. Thus the classes S1, S2, S3 and N represent highly, moderately, marginally and not suitable respectively. The interpretation of critical limit of analytical parameter was done according to the procedure stated by Esu (1991). The soils were generally rated suitable for Rice and Maize production; however, CEC was identified as the most limiting factor. Based on the results, the N status of the soil should be increased by practicing O- minimum tillage and planting crops that are capable of fixing N. Organic carbon level should also be raised through appropriate organic matter maintenance strategies. http://ijeab.com/detail/suitability-evaluation-of-soils-of-ohimini-area-of-benue-state-nigeria-for-sustainable-rainfed-arable-crop-production/ Agber P. I, Adoyi A, Gani A. T http://ijeab.com/upload_document/issue_files/14 IJEAB-OCT-2017-42-Suitability Evaluation of Soils.pdf Field experiments were conducted during the 2015 and 2016 cropping season at the Teaching and Research Farm of the University of Agriculture Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria to evaluate the effect of different tillage systems and mulch application on the growth and performance of maize. Four tillage systems (minimum tillage, flat bed, ridge tillage and no tillage) and mulch at two levels (mulched and unmulched) were used. Data was recorded on plant height (cm), leaf area (cm2) of maize, dry cob length (cm), dry cob width (cm) 1000-grain weight (g) and grain yield (t ha-1). Tillage methods significantly affected maize growth. The maximum plant height (178.8cm) leaf area (487.0cm) 1000-grain weight (0.2500g) and grain yield (1.4g) were observed in ridged tillage while no tillage as compared to minimum tillage and flat bed. Mulch significantly affected the growth of maize. The maximum values of plant height (144.5cm), leaf area (411.0cm) dry cob length (cm) (11.16cm), dry cob width (10. 52cm), 1000-grain weight (0.1717g) and grain yield (0.90 tons/ha) were obtained when mulch was applied compared to the unmulched plots. There was no significant difference between the interaction of tillage and mulch. Ridged tillage × mulch produced the best result on maize performance http://ijeab.com/detail/effect-of-tillage-and-mulch-on-growth-and-performance-of-maize-in-makurdi-benue-state-nigeria/ P.I Agber, J. Y. Akubo, Abagyeh S. O. I http://ijeab.com/upload_document/issue_files/15 IJEAB-OCT-2017-50-Effect of Tillage and Mulch.pdf The research aims to determine the best silage formulation using pollard and molasses to acidity (pH), vollatyl fatty acid, and in vitro digestibility. The experiment use completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatments and four times replication, so it has 16 units experiment. The four treatments are treatment A = 100% corn straw + 20% pollard + 0% molases; B = 100% corn straw + 10% pollard + 10% molases; C = 100% corn straw + 0% pollard + 20% molases; D = 100% corn straw + 10% pollard + 0% molases; E = 100% corn straw + 5% pollard + 5% molases; dan F = 100% corn straw + 10% pollard + 0% molases. Variables observe are pH, vollatyl fatty acid, and in vitro digestibility in rumen fluid including dry matter, and organic matter digestibility. Results of the experiment showed that nutrient content and acidity on treatment A is highest. Level of VFA total, dry matter digestibility, organic matter digestibility are significant different (P http://ijeab.com/detail/acidity-vollatyl-fatty-acid-and-digestibility-in-vitro-of-corn-straw-silage-as-energy-source/ A. A. A. S. Trisnadewi, I G. L. O. Cakra, I W. Suarna http://ijeab.com/upload_document/issue_files/16 IJEAB-NOV-2017-6-Acidity, Vollatyl Fatty Acid.pdf The fertilizer management practices have not ensure the desired improvement in yield for okra (Abelmoschusesculentus L. Moench) due to differences in fertilizer types. The search continues for nutrient sources that would provide adequate nutrition for the crop on the season. A pot experiment was carried out at the Teaching and Research Farm, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria to evaluate the growth and fruit yield responses of okra (Abelmoschusesculentus L. Moench) to the application of air-dried milled moringa leaf (MML), poultry manure (PM) and NPK fertilizer. The MML was applied at 400, 800, and 1200 kg/ha; NPK 15-15-15 at 250 kg/ha and PM at 10 t/ha separately and in all possible combinations in completely randomized design in three replicates. The parameters measured were plant height, stem girth, number of leaves, leaf area, number of fruits and fruit weight. The single treatments differed significantly (P = 0.05) with the combinations of the treatments giving better performance. The 800 kg/ha MML + PM treatment gave the tallest plants (103.33 cm) and followed by single application of PM (102.33 cm). The application of 400 kg/ha MML + PM + NPK produced the highest number of fruits but 800 kg/ha MML + PM + NPK gave the highest fresh fruit (42.70 g) and dry fruit (20.50 g) weight. 800 kg/ha gave best growth performance among MML but 1200 kg/ha gave best yield. This suggests that MML can be used as source of nutrients to grow okra. http://ijeab.com/detail/comparative-effects-of-varying-rates-of-moringa-leaf-poultry-manure-and-npk-fertilizer-on-the-growth-yield-and-quality-of-okra-abelmoschusesculentus-l-moench/ Matthew Aluko, Olufemi Julius Ayodele, Ayo SamuelGbadeola, Ifedayo Henry Oni http://ijeab.com/upload_document/issue_files/17 IJEAB-NOV-2017-13-Comparative effects of Varying.pdf Often, the total quality has been instrumented before being weighted. The strategies even precede a diagnosis in Mexican organizations, but in an opposite sense, the present work set out to establish the reliability and validity of an instrument to measure the perception of total quality based on three indicators related to management. , production and transfer of knowledge. A nonperimental study was carried out with a non-probabilistic selection of 124 administrative staff and employees from an organization in central Mexico. From a structural model ⌠X2 = 123,24 (23df) p = 0,010; GFI = 0,990; CFI =,991; IFI = 0,993; RMSEA = 0,007⌡, it was found that management affects production (0,38) and this about the total perceived quality (0,35), although there are lines of research concerning empathy, commitment, entrepreneurship, satisfaction and happiness in relation to the implementation of continuous improvements to the quality of processes and products. http://ijeab.com/detail/contrast-of-a-quality-control-model-for-sustainability-in-a-mexican-organization-in-central-mexico/ Javier Carreón-Guillén, Arturo Sánchez-Sánchez, Héctor Daniel Molina-Ruiz, María de Lourdes Elena García-Vargas, Stephani M. Rojano-Chávez http://ijeab.com/upload_document/issue_files/18 IJEAB-NOV-2017-7-Contrast of a Quality Control.pdf The present study deals with the impact of selenium nanoparticles on growth, biochemical characteristics and yield of Cluster bean Cyamopsis tetragonoloba grown for a period 60 days Sodium selenite and ascorbic acid was utilized for the synthesis of Selenium nanoparticles using precipitation method. Selenium nanoparticles were characterized by using SEM, EDAX, FTIR and XRD. Pot culture studies of cluster bean in different quantity of Selenium nanoparticles such as 0,100, 200, 300, 400 and 500mg for treatment T0 (Control) T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 and growth biochemical and yield were estimated at the end of 60 days. SEM image of selenium nanoparticles was observed as spherical in shape. EDAX spectrum recorded on purity of selenium nanoparticles. The FTIR spectrum of selenium nanoparticles was analyzed in the range of 4000-400 cm-1 spectral bands were observed. The germination percentage in T0, T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 are 100,90,80,90,100 and 100 respectively. Among the treatments the shoot length is higher (21.8) in T1 containing 100mg of selenium nanoparticles and lower in(12.01) T5 containing 500mg of nanoparticles. Root length, fresh and dry weight and leaf area were higher in T2. The vigor index is higher T4.The chlorophyll a, b total Chlorophyll, carotenoids, anthocyanin, protein, L-proline, free amino acids and leaf nitrate were higher inT4.Among the treatments yield of cluster bean is higher in T4 and lower in T0. http://ijeab.com/detail/impact-of-selenium-nanoparticles-on-growth-biochemical-characteristics-and-yield-of-cluster-bean-cyamopsis-tetragonoloba/ P. Ragavan., A. Ananth, M.R.Rajan http://ijeab.com/upload_document/issue_files/19 IJEAB-NOV-2017-28-Impact of Selenium Nanoparticles.pdf Salinity affects rice growth in all growth stages, with the seedling and reproductive stages being the most sensitive. Genetically improving salt tolerance of rice is an important objective of rice breeding programs. Hence, mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL) will be useful for marker-assisted selection in rice breeding programs. An advanced backcross population (BC2F2) was developed with the parents included OM5629 as a donor of salt tolerance and OM7347 as a recurrent parent with good quality traits and drought tolerance. Molecular markers associated with both qualitative and quantitative trait loci (QTL) salt tolerance were identified by using 416 polymorphic SSR markers. QTLs, associated with stress tolerance at EC = 15 dS/m at seedling stage, detected from the BC2F2 population of OM7347/OM5629, were located on chromosomes 1 and 3. Three QTLs were identified at the intervals of RM3252-S1-1 - RM10694, RM3740-RM5336 and RM11125-RM9 with genetic distance of 4.4, 4.5 and 18 cM on chromosome 1, respectively. Two QTLs at the intervals of RM3867-RM6959 and RM6876-RM4425 with genetic distance of 4.5 and 18.0 cM on chromosome 3, respectively. One QTL on chromosome 5 was detected at the interval of RM874 - RM10359, it was associated with salt stress tolerance under EC = 8dS/m at vegetative stage. Three QTLs at the regions of RM1324-RM2412, RM1185-RM24, and RM1282-RM2560 on chromosome 1, and one QTL of RM453-RM511 on chromosome 12, were related to salt tolerance under EC = 8dS/m at reproductive stage. Two tightly linked markers as RM3252-S1-1 and RM3867, were exhibited their effectiveness in identification of salt tolerance genotypes in BC3F6 population of OMCS2000/ Pokkali. The identification of new QTLs associated with salt tolerance will provide important information for the functional analysis of rice salinity stress. http://ijeab.com/detail/identifying-qtls-associated-and-marker-assisted-selection-for-salinity-tolerance-at-the-seedling-vegetative-and-reproductive-stages-in-rice-oryza-sativa-l/ Nguyen Thi Lang, Nguyen Trong Phuoc, Pham Thi Thu Ha, Bui Chi Buu http://ijeab.com/upload_document/issue_files/20 IJEAB-NOV-2017-20-Identifying QTLs Associated and.pdf This study was carried out in Benue State, Nigeria. It was aimed at determining the profitability of table egg production enterprises and the constraints limiting their operations. The population of the study comprised all registered table egg production enterprises in Benue State, Nigeria. A sample size of 65 table egg production enterprises were selected using multi-stage random sampling technique. Cross sectional data were obtained from the 65 table egg producers with the aid of structured questionnaire. Data collected from the enterprises were analysed using descriptive statistics, farm budgeting technique and factor analysis methods. The results revealed that the table egg production enterprises in the state were of medium scale, with mean flock size of 1040 birds. An average producer in the enterprise was 44 years old and had a household size of 7 persons. All the producers had obtained one for of formal education or the other, with tertiary education being the majority (69.2%). Table egg production was found to be a profitable venture in the study area with Net Farm Income (NFI) of ₦ 1248.03 per bird. However, the enterprises are faced with a number of constraints militating against their efficient operation. These including financial/marketing, inputs and environmental constraints. Based on the findings of this study, it was concluded that table egg production in the State is profitable. The enterprise remains a viable investment option for investors, as it possesses high growth potentials which are achievable through increased investment and proper management of identified constraints. Hence, subsidization of poultry production inputs by the government, making loans/grants easily accessible to egg farmers at single digit interest rates, formation of cooperative societies by the producers in the enterprise, setting up of more feed mills in the state and support for researches geared toward developing Non-feed-food competing feed materials were recommended as means of increasing profitability of table egg enterprises in the Study area. http://ijeab.com/detail/analysis-of-profitability-and-constraints-of-table-egg-production-enterprises-in-benue-state-nigeria/ Mere, C. U.; Ater, P. I. and Ezihe, J. A. C. http://ijeab.com/upload_document/issue_files/21 IJEAB-NOV-2017-29-Analysis of Profitability and Constraints.pdf In Hevea brasiliensis, Ethephon is used as an exogenous stimulant of latex production. In downward tapping, it has been shown that its misuse has negative consequences on the metabolism of the latex cells of the tree. However, little is known about the impact of this downward tapping practice on latex-producing metabolism in upward tapping. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of stimulation in downward tapping on the latex-producing metabolism in clones PB 217, when the trees are subsequently tapped up. Study was carried out by monitoring the evolution of biochemical parameters of latex and rubber production. From this study, it was found during the last two years of downward tapping that in PB 217 clone, the optimal metabolism of latex production was obtained with 13 Ethephon stimulations per year. When subsequent tapping is done upward, the stimulation frequencies of the trees greater than 4 times per year in downward tapping have a negative impact on the latex-producing metabolism in PB 217 clone of Hevea brasiliensis. However, in cumulative production over the 10 years of downward tapping added to the 2 years of upward tapping, it is the frequency of 13 stimulations per year in downward tapping which is the highest. http://ijeab.com/detail/effect-of-ethephon-stimulation-on-downward-tapping-in-latex-production-metabolism-on-upward-tapping-in-pb-217-clone-of-hevea-brasiliensis-2/ Kouadio Dian, Michel Yedoh Gnagne, Maturin Koffi Okoma, Abdourahamane Sagare http://ijeab.com/upload_document/issue_files/22 IJEAB-NOV-2017-18-Effect of Ethephon Stimulation.pdf Neem plant is considered as the most useful traditional plant in India. The various properties of different parts of neem tree are used as insecticide, antifeedant, hormonal, antifungal, antiallergic, antidermatic, anti-inflammatory, antiscabic larvicidal and spermaticidal activity etc. In recent era the major challenge is to increase the food production without harming the environment and can control the pest. Since, last decades pesticides have become an integral component in sustainable agriculture and the modern day cultivation practices uses of chemical pesticides and fertilizers are in eliminable. Enormous use of different chemical pesticides in agricultural fields is resistant to most of the pests. So that the natural pesticides from A. indica are considered to be less harmful, biodegradability, least persistence, lest toxic to non-target organism, economic and used to combat insects, pests are not ruled out. Neem derived products play an essential role in the pest management, in agricultural fields such as crop and stored grains. Fruitful results of application of formulated neem based products in agriculture field will provide a cost effective technology to the farmers. http://ijeab.com/detail/competence-of-biopesticide-and-neem-in-agriculture/ Preeti Acharya, Showkat Ahmad Mir, Binata Nayak http://ijeab.com/upload_document/issue_files/23 IJEAB-NOV-2017-27-Competence of Biopesticide.pdf The aim of the study was to investigate the chemical composition and energy content of the meat of young guinea-fowls, with different duration of the fattening period, raised in a free-range, semi-intensive production system. The authors establish the following data: dry matter content- from 27.08 to 28.82% in breast muscle and from 23.83 to 26.56% in thigh muscle; crude protein in dry matter –from 86.19to 93.54% in breastand from 82.02 to 87.84% in thigh muscle; crude fat in dry matter - from 5.64 to 7.58% in breast and from 9.02 to 11.05% in thigh muscles. The average energy content in 100 g dry matter varies from 23.7 (breast muscle, 16 weeks of age) to 25.07 kJ (thigh muscle, 24 weeks of age). http://ijeab.com/detail/chemical-composition-and-energy-nutritional-value-of-the-meat-of-guinea-fowls-numidameleagris-fattened-to-different-ages/ Dimo Penkov, Matina Nikolova, Angel Angelov,Alexandar Peltekov http://ijeab.com/upload_document/issue_files/24 IJEAB-NOV-2017-36-Chemical Composition and Energy.pdf A feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the growth performance and nutrient digestibility of grower-finisher pigs fed diets containing 0 %, 50 %, 75 % and 100 % levels of cassava peel meal treated with 0.035gNatuzyme®/100g CPM. Sixteen (16) pure bred male Landrace grower-finisher pigs, averaging 31.80kg were allotted to four dietary treatments in a completely randomized design such that each pig was housed and fed individually as a replicate. Four experimental diets T1, T2, T3 and T4 were formulated and 0 %, 50 %, 75% and 100% maize was replaced with Natuzyme® treated cassava peel meal and fed until the pigs reached 60kg ±2kg live weight. At the end of the feeding trial which lasted for 7, 7,8 and 9 weeks for treatment T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively, two pigs from each dietary treatment were randomly selected and starved for 24hours;faecal samples were collected for seven days, oven dried, weighed and sampled for digestibility analysis. Feed intake and weight gain of pigs fed test diets decreased (p>0.05) while, feed conversion ratio increased (p>0.05) compared with the control. There was significant reduction (p http://ijeab.com/detail/growth-performance-and-nutrient-digestibility-of-growing-pigs-fed-cassava-peel-meal-based-diets-treated-with-exogenous-enzyme/ Torhemen L.N., Ikurior S.A., Wuanor A.A. http://ijeab.com/upload_document/issue_files/25 IJEAB-NOV-2017-22-Growth Performance and Nutrient.pdf In order to improve sunflower productivity, this investigation aimed to study the performance of some genotypes to different doses of nitrogen and plant population density on seed yield and yield components. Two field Experiments carried out on the Experimental Farm of the Sakha Agriculture Research Station during 2015 and 2016 seasons. The objective of this study aimed to investigate the performance of some sunflower hybrids to different nitrogen fertilizer rates and plant population densities to growth, yield components, seed yield and its quality.The results indicated that tallest plants, highest leaves number/plant, number of achenes/head and highest values of head diameter were obtained from MS.sirena F1 genotype. Biest Brima genotype recorded the highest values of leaf area. The highest weight of 1000 seed and seed yield/ha were recorded from Nsovak genotype.The increases in nitrogen fertilizer rates to 168 Kg N/ha produced tallest plants,thick stems (cm), the highest leaves number/plant, leaf area (cm2), number of achenes/head, head diameter (cm), 1000 achene weight (gm) and achene yield (Kg/ha) in both seasons. It could observed that increasing nitrogen fertilizer from 72 to 168 Kg N/ha significantly increased seed yield by 12.0 and 11.6 % in the first and second seasons, respectively. Increasing hill spacing from 15, 20 and 25 cm produced thickness stem, highest number of leaves/plant, highest values of leaf area, maximum number of achenes/head, head diameter and weight of 1000 achene. The tallest plants and highest and achene yield were produced from 20cm hill spacing. It could concluded that increasing nitrogen fertilizer from 72 to 168 Kg N/ha and sown Nsovak genotype at dense hill spacing of 15 cm between plants maximized seed yield per unite area. http://ijeab.com/detail/response-of-some-sunflower-hybrids-helianthus-annuus-l-to-different-nitrogen-fertilizer-rates-and-plant-densities/ Kandil A.A., A.E. Sharief, A.M.A. Odam http://ijeab.com/upload_document/issue_files/26 IJEAB-NOV-2017-47-Response of Some Sunflower.pdf In order to study the performance of some sunflower genotypes to nitrogen fertilizer rates and plant population density to germination and seedling parameters. A laboratory experiment conducted in the Agronomy Department seed lab, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Egypt during March and April 2017.The goals of this study aimed to study the effect of sunflower hybrids, nitrogen fertilizer rates and hill spacing on germination and seedling characters.The results indicated that Nsovak genotype recorded the highest values of abnormal seedling percentage. Highest mean germination time was obtained from MS.sirena F1 genotype. The highest coefficient of velocityand value of the vigour was produced from Biest Brima genotype without significant differences with sown Nsovak genotype.The results indicated that increasing nitrogen fertilizer rates from 72, 120 and 168 kg N/ha significantly increased mean germination timeandvalue of the vigour. The highest coefficient of velocity percentage produced from addition nitrogen fertilizer at 120 Kg/ha.The results designated that increasing hill spacing from 15, 20 and 25 cm reduced germination percentage and mean germination time, however, significantly increased coefficient of velocity anddead seed percentages and value of the vigour.It could be concluded that sown Nsovak genotype at hill spacing of 15 cm and fertilizing with 120 kg N/ha enhanced seed germination and viability. http://ijeab.com/detail/germination-and-seedling-characters-as-influenced-by-sunflower-hybrids-nitrogen-fertilizer-rates-and-hill-spacing/ Kandil A.A., A.E. Sharief, A.M.A. Odam http://ijeab.com/upload_document/issue_files/27 IJEAB-NOV-2017-48-Germination and Seedling.pdf The management of soil organic matter is crucial to maintain a productive organic farming system. No one source of nutrient usually fulfills to maintain productivity and quality control in organic system.In addition, the inputs to supplement nutrient availability are often not uniform presenting additional challenges in meeting the nutrient requirements of crops in organic system.With this concept, a field experiment was conducted at the research farm of ASPEE Agricultural Research and Development Foundation, Tansa Farm, At Nare, Taluka Wada, Dist. Palghar, Maharashtra, during Kharif 2016-17 in rice.Different treatments comprising organic amendments such as Azotobacter, Banana Pseudostem sap 2%, Vermiwash 2% and Panchgavya 2% each applied alone or in all possible combinations were tried in organic crop production.These treatments were compared with absolute control (No biofertilizer+ No Spray). Recommended dose of chemical fertilizer 100:50:50 kg NPK ha-1. A Rice variety ‘GR-11’ was taken.Results revealed a significant enhancement in grain yield of rice over absolute control due to the application of different organic amendments applied alone or in combinations. Rice grain yield increased by 35.5% over absolute control when organic amendments viz., Seedling deep in Azotobacter + Vermiwash 2% + Banana Pseudostem Sap 2% were applied together.The rice grain yield (5.7 t ha-1) obtained under combined application of above three organic amendments was at par with the yield recorded under seedling deep in Azotobacter + Vermiwash 2% + Panchgavya 2%.An interesting observation recorded was that there was no serious attack of any insects pest or disease in organically grown crop.The study revealed that addition of four organic amendments viz. seedling deep in Azotobacter, vermiwash 2%, Panchgavya 2% and Banana Pseudostem Sap 2% could give the optimum yield of organic rice var. GR-11. http://ijeab.com/detail/response-of-nutrient-management-practices-through-organic-substances-on-rice-var-gr-11-in-north-konkan-coastal-zone-of-maharashtra/ Dekhane S. S., Mangave B. D., Dumbre R. B., Patel D. J. http://ijeab.com/upload_document/issue_files/28 IJEAB-NOV-2017-26-Response of nutrient management.pdf This study was carried out to determine forage and seed yield and its effecting component in different vetch and cereal mixtures, ecological condition of Tekirdağ-Thrace region of Turkey. The study was conducted using a total 5 vetch and cereals varieties includes three different vetch species orakefe, Hungarian vetch species sarıefe, narbon vetch candidate variety 570, two different cereals (barley variety scarpia, oat variety sebat) and their mixture combinations, each species were sown as sole, double and triple mixtures (8 combinations for each genotype) a randomized complete block design with 3 replications was laid out on 2013-2015 growing season. Eight mixture combinations for each genotype (common vetch, Hungarian vetch, Narbon vetch, barley and oat) were evaluated for yield and major plant structural characteristics. Genotype-Trait (GT) biplot analyses were used. Applying type of analyses to the multiple trait data revealed that GT biplot graphically displayed the interrelationships among traits and facilitated visual comparison of mixtures and selection for each genotype. Wide variation was observed for traits plant structure and components (plant height, branch number and pod number/plant, 1000 seed weight, individual genotype ratio). It was found that; seed yield, 1000 seed weight, plant height, branch and pod number /plant were the highest value in pure stand NV570. In addition (570+sebat) had maximum dry forage yield, sarıefe as pure stand has the maximum plant height and seed yield value. On the other had sarıefe+scarpia combination showed very high value for pod number/plant, branch number/plant and fresh and dry forage yield. Pure stand scarpia was the best performer in seed yield. CV+NV+scarpia had the highest 1000 seed weight, fresh and dry forage yield. Maximum planth height was determined from sebat+scarpia, CV+O+B and CV+HV+B combinations. Favorable seed yield and 1000 seed weight value was produced under pure stand sebat seeding. Intercrop NV570+O combination had the higher fresh and dry forage yield. CV+HV+O, CV+NV+O and CV+B+O combination had the highest plant height of sebat. http://ijeab.com/detail/determination-of-yield-and-yield-components-of-vetch-and-cereal-mixture-and-evaluation-using-by-gge-biplot-analysis/ H. S. Tenikecier, A. Orak, Ä°. Nizam, A. K. Demirkan http://ijeab.com/upload_document/issue_files/29 IJEAB-NOV-2017-44-Determination of Yield and Yield.pdf Commitment of local communities to protected areas is essential for conserving forest and biodiversity. However, in many developing countries like Turkey, former management strategies kept human from protected areas using coercion. Fortunately, more recent regimes attempt to give local populations more control on the management but little is known about local residents' perceptions, beliefs and attitudes toward the management of these areas. This study, carried out around the Karagöl Sahara National Park, determined factors which support local communities' positive perceptions towards forest conservation in the park, analysed their assessment of current park management activities compared to former management approaches and draw the implications for effective participatory management of protected areas. We collected socio-demographic data from 100 residents on their awareness of conservation methods. The findings indicated that the positive behavior of local communities towards conservation of forest within Karagöl Sahara National Park was highly correlated with the current management strategy that involved more effectively local communities, the educational level of participants. Participants' perceptions of forest conservation were strongly related to locally perceived benefits. Although 91 % of participants were favorable to the concept of forest and biodiversity conservation within the park. Our results suggested that understanding local residents' perceptions and using them as a starting point to improve the park–people relationship could help park management staff to involve more effectively local communities and improve their awareness about biodiversity conservation within the park. http://ijeab.com/detail/forest-conservation-knowledge-community-perception-within-protected-areas-the-case-of-karag-l-sahara-national-park/ Sevim Inanç http://ijeab.com/upload_document/issue_files/30 IJEAB-NOV-2017-31-Forest Conservation Knowledge.pdf Anacyclus valentinus L. is a common annual plant in Algeria, known for her various therapeutic effects. In addition, the plant is used as a food condiment. We reported our investigations on the chemical compositions and the antiarthritic activity of methanolic extract of A. valentinus (MEAV). The polyphenol extraction by maceration with methanol (80%) gave yields of 17.82%. The identification by LC-MS and colorimetric assays revealed the wealth of methanolic extracts on phenolic compounds including flavonoids (52.15 mg Equ/g) and lactones. Acute oral toxicity of extract was performed in line with OECD guidelines and the lethal dose 50 was assessed greater than 2500 mg/Kg. Regarding the anti-arthritic power, rheumatoid arthritis was induced by Freund's adjuvant in rats. The methanolic extract of A. valentinus presented a largest effect with weight gain, an arthritic score, thymus indices; spleen and serum parameters close to those of the control. The extract also inhibited edema and restored cartilage structure. http://ijeab.com/detail/chemical-composition-and-anti-arthritic-activity-of-anacyclus-valentinus-extract-on-adjuvant-induced-arthritis-in-rats/ Khadidja Side Larbi, Boumediene Meddah, Hamza Belkhodja, Asmaa Belmimoun, Khaled Slimani, Pascal Sonnet http://ijeab.com/upload_document/issue_files/31 IJEAB-NOV-2017-34-Chemical composition.pdf Medicine is food and food is medicine” is the best way to describe on how the ailments were cured by using the plants during the ancient period of time. The “Magical plant of Indian Spice” (Murraya koenigii) has served human kind not only as food enhancer but also serve as village or folk medication to cure many disorders, the tribal communities has used many parts of the Murrayakoenigiito cure them diseases. Pigeonpea [Cajanuscajan(L.) Millsp.]Pigeon pea (Arhar) commonly known as Red gram or tur is a very old crop in India. The term ‘Pigeon pea’ was coined in Barbados . The present study is to determine the pesticide residue levels in Curry leaf (Murraya koenigii) and Red gram (Peagion Pea) in Tirupati , Chittoor region. http://ijeab.com/detail/analysis-of-pesticide-residues-in-curry-leaves-and-red-gram-in-tirupati-region-chittoor-by-gas-chromatography/ Vineela, Ramya Kuber B http://ijeab.com/upload_document/issue_files/32 IJEAB-DEC-2017-2-Analysis of Pesticide Residues.pdf Determinants of Choice of Storage Systems for root and tuber crops in Benue State of Nigeria were examined. The specific objectives were to determine the factors affecting choice of storage systems by root and tuber crop farmers; and determine the relationship between choice of storage systems and farm productivity. Data were collected from 288 root and tuber crop producers in eight Local Government Areas and 32 wards, using a multi-stage sampling technique. Structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. Data collected were analysed using logit model and Mann-Whiney U test. The results indicate that total output, gender, educational level, household size, and farm size significantly affect the choice of storage systems by root and tuber crop producers. The results also reveal that the output of farmers who utilized only the local storage systems exceeds those who utilized both the local storage systems in addition to the modern storage techniques. It was recommended that strategies and policies aimed at encouraging root and tuber crops farmers to adopt a particular storage technique should take into consideration their socio-economic characteristics. Also research efforts aimed at improving the effectiveness of the local storage systems using locally sourced materials should be encouraged. http://ijeab.com/detail/determinants-of-choice-of-storage-systems-for-root-and-tuber-crops-in-benue-state-nigeria/ Okeke A.M, Tor I.E, Iheanacho A.C http://ijeab.com/upload_document/issue_files/33 IJEAB-NOV-2017-49-Determinants of Choice of Storage.pdf The research was conducted to find out (1) factors influencing farmer’s decision to cultivate soybean, and (2)the opportunity level of farmer response to soybean farming in Jember and Sampang. Research location was determined through purposive method and sampling conducted through simple random sampling method. Data analysis method used was logit regression model where the dependent variable (Y) was dummy variable with value of 1 (response) and 0 (non-response). Research result found G value of 130.198 (p-value = 0.0001) indicating that logistic regression model, as a whole, could explain farmers’ decision in their response to soybean farming. Factors influencing farmers’ response to soybean farming were acreage, education, income, and area status. http://ijeab.com/detail/factors-affecting-the-farmer-s-response-to-the-development-of-soybean-farming-in-east-java-indonesia/ Bambang Siswadi, Anis Rosyidah http://ijeab.com/upload_document/issue_files/34 IJEAB-DEC-2017-1-Factors Affecting the.pdf The weed flora of vineyards in northwestern Turkey was determined in a survey carried out in 93 vineyards. Total of 68 species 53 dicotyledonous and 11 monocotyledonous belonging to 32 families were identified in grape growing areas. The majority of weed species were annual species with different vegetation periods. The dominant weed species in the region were Capsella bursa pastoris, Convolvulus arvensis, Senecio vulgaris, Stellaria media, Sorghum halepense, Euphorbia helioscopia. Meanwhile frequent families were Poaceae, Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Fabaceae, Geraniaceae, Lamiaceae, Polygonaceae and Euphorbiaceae. http://ijeab.com/detail/an-update-of-weed-flora-of-v-neyards-n-northwestern-turkey/ Lerzan Ozturk, Nur Sivri, Bahadir Sin http://ijeab.com/upload_document/issue_files/35 IJEAB-NOV-2017-52-An Update of Weed Flora.pdf The palm oil exists in several forms: palm oil raw, not refined, of red color because very rich carotenoids, called «red palm oil». In Africa, it is generally sold and consumed rough, i.e. not having undergoes the stages of refining. Taking into account the quantity and relevance of existing work on the palm tree with oil, we limited our study of Elaeis guinensis of Congo Basin to the analysis of the oils taken on the ground of the natural palm plantations and of the plantations of the palm plantation of M’vouna (Gabon) and of the Rural Campus of Loukoko (Congo) the study of our samples reveals the presence of carotenoids between 400 and 480 nm, and the presence of the chlorophyllian pigments with 600 and 670 nm for the great number of analyzed spectra. In the palm oil, the contents of carotenoids extend between 400 and 480 nm. The total content carotenoids varies from 897,1 µg/ml with 1229,3 µg/ml for the samples of the Palm plantation of M’vouna (Franceville, Gabon), whereas for the samples of Loukoko (Congo) that varies from 583,1 µg/ml with 1110,5 µg/ml on average. During precipitation partial of the raw palm oils of Gabon, three cases of figure ariseed (progressive, brutal and null solidification). The content total polyphenols varies from 439 to 2516 µg/ml. Of all the analyzed samples, the sample of Congo contains the maximum of phenolic compounds (2516 µg/ml). Minimum of 439 µg/ml, being obtained on the sample of Gabon. Their high content in carotenoids, fatty-acid unsaturates and the strong content total polyphenols, make our different oils more beneficial as well in the nutritional plan as therapeutic. The objective of work is the physicochemical characterization of the raw palm oils of the Republic of Gabon and Congo. The physicochemical characteristics of these oils are given according to the conventional normalized methods. They are the analyzes such as the spectroscopic evaluation of the color, the content carotene, partial solidification and the content polyphenols. http://ijeab.com/detail/study-physicochemical-of-the-raw-palm-oils-of-the-republic-of-gabon-and-congo/ Hugues Romuald Pamba Boundena, Raphaël Bikanga,Thomas Silo http://ijeab.com/upload_document/issue_files/36 IJEAB-NOV-2017-40-Study Physicochemical of the Raw.pdf Ecological flow requirements for the Ma River in dry season were assessed in three reaches of Ma – Buoi, Ma – Len and Ma – Chu. 5 indictor fish species was chosen based on biodiversity survey and roles of those species in aquatic ecosystem as well as local communities. Biological and hydrological data (dry season of 2016- 2017) and 35 year recorded hydrological data were collected and analyzed as input data for a physical habitat model River HYdraulic and HABitat SImulation Model – RHYHABSIM. Model results shown that the optimal flows of the reaches were very much higher compare with the minimum annual low flow - MALF. In this study, MALF7day were applied to calculate the recommended minimum flows of the three reaches. The recommended required minimum flows for Ma – Buoi, Ma – Len and Ma – Chu reaches were 51 m3/s, 49 m3/s and 61 m3/s, respectively. It must be stressed that this study only assessed whether or not there is enough habitat available for the river to sustain a healthy ecosystem. http://ijeab.com/detail/required-flows-for-aquatic-ecosystems-in-ma-river-vietnam/ Luong Ngoc Chung, Nguyen Thi Kim Cuc, Trieu Anh Ngoc, Nguyen Thanh Nam, Le Viet Son, Tran Viet On http://ijeab.com/upload_document/issue_files/37 IJEAB-DEC-2017-9-Required flows for aquatic.pdf An ecosystem map for 14 local administrative units of Kwara state North Central Nigeria and Vitellaria paradoxa habitat in the broad Savanna region was produced using multi criteria and integrated GIS models as against the traditional single layer thematic approach. The criteria used in classifying and mapping the ecosystems are: climate (rainfall and temperature), physiography (slope, relief), vegetation/land cover and drainage system. The climate layer was extracted from WorldClim database using DIVA GIS, the topographic layer was produced from 90 m NASA/SRTM digital elevation model. NDVI was run on composite images to produce vegetation layers.All the inputdata layers were spatially modeled in ArcGIS to generate the 7 classes of ecosystems. The Georefrenced trees sample points from field survey was overlaid on classified images to producedistribution pattern of Vitellaria paradoxa and its habitat in Savanna wood land ecosystems. http://ijeab.com/detail/deductive-and-multi-criteria-approach-to-ecosystem-modeling-and-habitat-mapping-of-shea-butter-trees-vitellaria-paradoxa-in-the-tropical-savanna/ Gabriel Salako1, Henry Sawyerr1, Abubakar Bashir2, Abel Adebayo2, Abdulrasheed Adio3 http://ijeab.com/upload_document/issue_files/38 IJEAB-DEC-2017-3-Deductive and Multi-criteria.pdf Laboratory bioassay of eight insecticides namely Chlorpyriphos 20 EC, Ethiprole+ imidacloprid 80 WG, Pymetrozine 50 WP, Lamda cyhalothrin 4.9 CS, Imidacloprid 30.5 SC, Acephate 95 SG, Thiacloprid 240 SC and Fipronil 5 SC was done against cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley. Among insecticides, Lamda cyhalothrin 4.9 CS was the most toxic with the lowest LD50 16.03 ppm followed by Chlorpyriphos 20 EC (LD50 27.56 ppm), Ethiprole+ imidacloprid 80 WG (LD50 44.82 ppm), Imidacloprid 30.5 SC (LD50 80.68 ppm), Thiacloprid 240 SC (LD50 87.13 ppm), Pymetrozine 50 WP (LD50 181.45 ppm), Acephate 95 SG (LD50 359.61 ppm), Fipronil 5 SC (LD50 705.59 ppm). http://ijeab.com/detail/bio-efficacy-of-some-insecticides-against-cotton-mealybug-phenacoccus-solenopsis-tinsley-hemiptera-pseudococcidae/ Atanu Seni, Bhima Sen Naik http://ijeab.com/upload_document/issue_files/39 IJEAB-DEC-2017-11-Bio-efficacy of some insecticides.pdf Housing problems occur both in rich and poor communities across the globe. The objective of this research is to review housing problems which lead to unwholesome environmental conditions. The method used is a review of academic articles, textbooks, internet materials, news articles and publicly available materials on housing problems. Previous authors whose works were reviewed have a convergent view on housing problems including overcrowding and congestion, poor accessibility, substandard and inadequate housing, high cost of building materials, high interest rate and lack of interest by financial institutions to facilitate loans to investors and uncoordinated policies by government. The paper made the following recommendations: (1) government should build low-cost houses to cater for the large number of people who, due to their low-income earnings could not afford a decent apartment; (2) formulation of economic, social and environmental policies that facilitate housing that is both affordable and sustainable by government; (3) improvement of sanitation in poor neighborhoods with poor housing conditions through urban renewal programme. http://ijeab.com/detail/a-review-of-housing-problems/ Igwe P.U., Okeke C.A., Onwurah K.O., Nwafor D.C., Umeh C.N. http://ijeab.com/upload_document/issue_files/40 IJEAB-NOV-2017-55-A Review of Housing Problems.pdf An investigation steeredto ascertain the adsorption potential of fallen Platanus orientalis leaf powder (FPOLP) ascost-effective adsorbentto removeCu2+from an aqueous solution. The FPOLP was physically activated in two different forms (oxidation) and (N2) flowconditions. Batch operations for Cu2+ adsorption were performed to ascertain adsorption characteristics of FPOLP and activated samples. The results indicated that the optimum activation temperature and time were 500 oC and 180 min, respectively, while the best Cu2+ removal was achieved when the solution was controlled at pH 3 and the adsorbent dosage at 3 g/L.Additionally, an evaluation of the mechanism of adsorption fitted very well intopseudo-second-order. FTIR, scanning electron microscopy and BETmeasurements suggested that the new functional groups and the increased surface area related to the porous structure played a critical role in Cu2+ removal by the activated leaf powder. FPOLP has a great potential to remove Cu2+ in an aqueous solution. http://ijeab.com/detail/cu2-removal-from-aqueous-solution-by-platanus-orientalis-leaf-powders/ Baba Imoro Musah, Yubiao Li, Qing Xiao, Shaoxian Song http://ijeab.com/upload_document/issue_files/41 IJEAB-DEC-2017-10-Cu2+ removal from aqueous.pdf Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the most important leguminous crop widely grown from Terai to high hills of Nepal covering 10,529 hectare land producing 15550 mt with the productivity of 1477 kgha-1 and Jumla occupies almost 21% of the total bean cultivated area of the country. For the experiment, twelve genotypes of common bean were collected from different locations of Nepal. The experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Station Vijayanagar, Jumla Nepal from July, 2016 to October, 2016 in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications and twelve treatments. Different agro-morphological characters were observed and wide variability was recorded in growth habit, flower color, seed color, seed shape, seed length (0.76-1.7cm), pod color, pod length(9.1-14.3 cm), plant height (57.1-116.5 cm), days to flowering (38-52 days) and maturity (74-90 days), number of pods plant-1 (9-22 seeds), number of seeds pod-1 (4-8 pods), hundred grain weight (18.3-54.7gm) and yield (2339-4164KgHa-1). Significant differences were found among genotypes for days to flowering, pod length, no of seeds pod-1 and yield hectare-1.The coefficients of determination illustrate the positive and significant association of grain yield hectare-1 with number of seeds pods-1, therefore these traits should be considered for genetic improvement through breeding. http://ijeab.com/detail/agro-morphological-variability-assessment-of-common-bean-phaseolus-vulgaris-l-genotypes-in-high-hill-jumla-nepal/ Arjun Chhetri, Anjan Bhatta http://ijeab.com/upload_document/issue_files/42 IJEAB-NOV-2017-39-Agro-Morphological Variability.pdf This study was carried out to assess the growth trend in the amount of loan granted to farmers in the study area for the period 1984-2014. Secondary data was used and sourced from central bank of Nigeria statistical bulletin, Nigeria bureau of statistics and Kwara state bureau of statistics. The result showed that there was an acceleration in the amount of loan defaulted by farmers for the period 1984-2014 in the study area and 73% variations was noticed in the exponential time trend for the period. It was concluded that a rigorous effort to speedy the increase and availability of loan process to make more funds available should be inaugurated to increase farmers ability to purchase improved inputs so as to increase productivity in the agricultural sector as a whole and proper monitoring should be put in place. http://ijeab.com/detail/assessment-of-loan-default-trend-on-the-amount-of-loan-granted-to-farmers-in-kwara-state-nigeria-1984-2014/ Jatto N.A., Obalola T.O., Shettima B.A, Okebiorun E.O., Gunu U.I. http://ijeab.com/upload_document/issue_files/43 IJEAB-DEC-2017-5-Assessment of Loan default.pdf A sixty-three day feeding trial was conducted with one hundred and eighty (180) day-old Anak 2000 broiler chicks with an average weight of 54.26g. They were randomly assigned in groups of 30 each to 6 dietary groups T0, T10, T20, T30, T40, and T50 which had 24-hour fermented sweet orange fruit (Citrus sinensis) peel as a replacement for maize at 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50% respectively, to determine their growth performance. Each treatment group had 3 replicates with equal no of chicks in a completely randomized design. The birds were provided with water and feed ad libitum. Body weight and feed intake were taken, water intake measured, feed conversion ratio, body weight gain and water: feed ratio calculated. A five (5) day Digestibility trial was done in the night week with three (3) chickens per treatment to determine nutrient digestibility. Replacement of maize with sweet orange peel significantly retarded (p0.05). The study showed that utilisation of 24-hour fermented sweet orange peel as a dietary replacement for maize at levels of 10%-50% did not support the growth of broiler chicken. It is recommended that sweet orange peel be fermented for longer duration beyond 24 hours to further evaluate its potential feed value in broiler chicken diet. http://ijeab.com/detail/effect-of-feeding-graded-levels-of-fermented-sweet-orange-citrus-sinensis-fruit-peel-meal-on-the-growth-and-nutrient-digestibility-of-broiler-chicken/ O.I.A. Oluremi, A.A. Ahile, T.F. Jande http://ijeab.com/upload_document/issue_files/44 IJEAB-NOV-2017-43-Effect of Feeding Graded Levels.pdf This study covered Cobb douglas production function, Tukey and Kramer analysis on Non members dairy cooperative society for milch cow in district Etawah of U.P. In study researchers have taken post- stratified into Landless, Marginal, small, medium and large herd size categories. The study effect of various factors of production in (Rs.) like Feeding cost included (dry fodder + green fodder), expenditure of concentrate included (grain + khali + mineral material and chunni / choker) and miscellaneous expenses included (labor charge and fixed cost) on milk produced by the cow of dairy cooperative society non members in annual in different categories of farmers. Further, the researchers have found out the comparative analysis of all the categories of dairy cooperative society non members. At last Tukey and Kramer test was applied on all the category of dairy cooperatives society members in milch cow to get into the depth of the problem under investigation. This study is helpful to find out the elasticity of different factors of milk production and comparative analysis in all categories of members dairy cooperative society in milch Cow by Cob douglas production function analysis. http://ijeab.com/detail/production-function-analysis-of-non-member-of-dairy-cooperative-society-for-milch-cow-in-district-etawah-of-u-p/ Dr Ashish Chandra http://ijeab.com/upload_document/issue_files/45 IJEAB-DEC-2017-17-Production Function Analysis.pdf Mosquito is a vector for serious human diseases like dengue fever, hemaorrhagic dengue fever and chikungunya, .yellow fever, malaria, filaria and encephalitis among these dengue, hemaorrhagic dengue and chikungunya are highly endemic diseases in Southeast Asian and African countries, causing millions of deaths each and every year. Mosquito repellents thus play a major role in preventing man-mosquito contact and there by minimize the chance of infections and its adverse effects. The development of resistance to chemical insecticides, results rebounding vectorial capacity. Synthetic repellents are chemicals which used worldwide for protection against mosquito-borne diseases and it adversely affects the environment by contaminating water, soil and air. There is an urgent need to find alternatives to the synthetic insecticides. Plants are rich source of alternative agents for control of mosquitoes and its vectors. Extracts and isolated compounds from different plant families have been evaluated for their promising larvicidal and mosquito repellent activities. Literature has documented that essential oils and extracts have been traditionally used as effective repellents. The essential oils whose repellent activities have been demonstrated, as well as the importance of the synergistic effects among their components are the main focus of this review study. Essential oils are volatile mixtures of hydrocarbons with a diversity of functional groups, and their repellent activity has been linked to the presence of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. The present review study focused the larvicidal potential and mosquito repellent activity of different volatile oils of medicinal plants. From an economical point of view synthetic chemical is still more frequently used as repellents than essential oils; these essential oils have the potential to provide efficient and can be used as a cheap, eco-friendly, safer for humans and the environment and also efficient alternative to the chemical larvicides. http://ijeab.com/detail/review-study-on-larvicidal-and-mosquito-repellent-activity-of-volatile-oils-isolated-from-medicinal-plants/ Prabakaran P, Sivasubramanian C, Veeramani R, Prabhu S http://ijeab.com/upload_document/issue_files/46 IJEAB-DEC-2017-19-Review Study on Larvicidal.pdf Humic acids are responsible for the heavy metal movement in the environment. In order to diminish soil pollution with heavy metals the treatment of groundwater with metallic iron has been proposed. Investigations with model solutions containing humic acids and Cu(II) have shown that metallic iron is an effective decontaminant for humic acids containing solutions. The application of the mechanical brush-up of the passive layers from surface using rotating systems loaded with iron pieces gives satisfactory results. The decontamination rate depends mainly on solution pH and the iron surface renewal rate. The presence of Cu(II) ions in the solution or metallic copper in the load increase the decontamination rate. http://ijeab.com/detail/interaction-of-metallic-iron-with-solutions-containing-humic-acids-and-cu-ii/ Rima BinkienÄ—, Ona GylienÄ—, Romas Ragauskas, Valentinas Gerasimovas http://ijeab.com/upload_document/issue_files/47 IJEAB-DEC-2017-29-Interaction of Metallic Iron.pdf Stem and bulb nematode, Ditylenchus dipsaci, is a very important plant parasitic nematode, has a very wide host range and causes economic yield losses in many cultural plants in worldwide. Its races are very diverse and found in most temperate areas of the world. D. dipsaci is a migratory endoparasite, has the ability to enter into a dormancy stage. Genetic resistance offers one of the best control methods within the integrated pest management strategies for D. dipsaci. However mass rearing of stem and bulb nematode requires for the resistant studies including screening for this nematode species. The aim of study is focused on alternative rearing methods using carrot discs as a food source, culturing medium and provide a clearly outlined and visually informative guide. Carrot discs enable the rearing of high numbers of individuals of D. dipsaci for timely use in experiments and for screening purposes in under sterile conditions to provide a clean, same and pure source of inoculum. The carrot disc method has been shown to be suitable for stem and bulb nematode multiplication. http://ijeab.com/detail/mass-culturing-of-stem-and-bulb-nematode-ditylenchus-dipsaci-for-use-in-screen-ng-and-mpression-training-on-carrot-discs/ Tohid Behmand, Lerzan Ozturk, Ä°brahim Halil ElekcioÄŸlu http://ijeab.com/upload_document/issue_files/48 IJEAB-DEC-2017-7-Mass Culturing of Stem and Bulb.pdf In this 21st century which is climate change-driven with more extreme rainfall events, gully erosion is increasingly becoming a global environmental problem influenced by both natural and anthropogenic factors. This paper is a literature review of rainfall erosivity as one of the natural factors of gully erosion. The central objective of the paper is to show in a global context how rainfall erosivity has influenced gully erosion. The method used is a review of academic/journal articles, textbooks, internet materials, conference papers and publicly available materials on gully erosion and rainfall erosivity as one of its factors. Previous authors whose works were reviewed on rainfall erosivity as a factor of gully erosion have a convergent view that rainfall is the primary cause of water-induced erosion and its power to do so is known as erosivity. They were of the view that a more intense rainfall of short duration can cause gully erosion more than a less intense one for a longer period of time. The authors also have a unity of opinion that areas with high rainfall regime such as the tropics are more prone to soil erosion than areas with low rainfall events. Recommendations to reduce the influence of rainfall as a factor of soil erosion include planting of trees and grasses that reduce the impact of rainfall to detach soil particles, conservation practices such as terracing, strip cropping and contour ploughing, a shift from rain-fed agriculture to dry season farming and grants to the affected people and landholders to manage gully erosion using adaptive measures based on their indigenous knowledge. http://ijeab.com/detail/ijeab-nov-2017-54/ Igwe P.U., Eze C.P., Ikeji C.A., Uzoegbu C.A., Emeh A.B. http://ijeab.com/upload_document/issue_files/49 IJEAB-NOV-2017-54-A Review of Rainfall.pdf Advanced drought tolerant lines were analysed for blast disease, brown planthopper (BPH), and phytic acid content. Thirsty lines of BC2F4 derived from OMCS2000/ IR75499-73-1 were used to screen for BPH and blast resistance. Three good resistant lines were screened against blast (45, 54, and 310) under greenhouse condition. As eight lines were identified to be resistant to BPH. The results further reveal that BC2F4-45 was the best line resistant to both BPH and blast disease. These lines will be useful in reducing grain phytic acid and improving the nutritional value of rice grain. Based on an assay for high phosphate germination stage of rice, the lowest content was found in the I5 variety (line 45). Hence, this line provides the urgent objective for breeders in cultivars of these crops to genetically enhance a healthy and functional diet. These characters will then need to be incorporated into high yield under drought stress with others such as disease and insect resistance. http://ijeab.com/detail/phenotypic-screening-of-drought-tolerant-lines-for-brown-planthopper-blast-and-phytic-acid-content-assay-of-rice-oryza-sativa-l/ Pham Thi Thu Ha, Nguyen Thi Lang, Dang Minh Tam, PhamThi Kim Vang, Ramin Rayee http://ijeab.com/upload_document/issue_files/50 IJEAB-DEC-2017-14-Phenotypic Screening of Drought.pdf The physicochemical quality of a crude oil flow station effluent and water of an effluent receiving creek were investigated. Samples were characterized by laboratory analysis. High concentrations of some toxicants exceeding environmental standards were observed in the effluent and water samples, which include BOD5 (544mg/L), COD (650mg/L), salinity (3162mg/L), copper (2.3mg/L), TDS (18900 mg/L), lead (0.51mg/L), and cadmium (0.04mg/L). The study underscored the need for proper treatment and monitoring of effluent to ensure compliance with statutory standard, before discharge into the environment to safeguard the ecosystem, as continued discharge of improperly treated effluent may compound the ecological problem of the receiving water environment http://ijeab.com/detail/water-quality-impact-of-flow-station-effluent-in-a-receiving-creek/ Nkwocha A. C., Ekeke I.C., Kamalu C.I.O., Kamen F.L., Oghome P.I., Nkuzinna O.C. http://ijeab.com/upload_document/issue_files/51 IJEAB-SEP-2017-12-Water Quality Impact of Flow.pdf Background: The sustainable management of Healthcare waste has continued to generate increasing public interest due to the health problems associated with exposure of human beings to potentially hazardous wastes arising from healthcare. Objectives: To ascertain the healthcare wastes management practices by public health facilities in Oshimili-South LGA of Delta State. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study. A multistage sampling technique was used in the selection of LGAs, healthcare facilities and respondents. There was Characterization and measurement (quantification) of waste. The study instrument was English language structured self administered questionnaire. The data obtained were analyzed using SPSS version 17. Results: Practice of wastes reduction 92 (24.2%), wastes recycling 46(12.1%) and wastes weighing 72(18.4%). Fifty nine point four percent (59.4%) of respondents use personal protective equipments when handling wastes. Most 214 (62.2%) reported that burning was their final healthcare wastes disposal methods. The doctors, pharmacists and laboratory scientists all reported 100% use of protective gadgets. While the nurses (56.9%) and the wastes handlers (50.9%) use protective gadgets. On the average, 2.40kg/bed/day of waste was generated by the health facilities. Conclusion: The study revealed that there was poor practice of waste segregation and recycling in all the facilities. There is need for more training. http://ijeab.com/detail/healthcare-wastes-management-practices-by-public-health-facilities-in-oshimili-south-lga-of-delta-state-south-south-nigeria/ Eguvbe A.O., Egbagba J.E, Adam V, Ilika L.A. http://ijeab.com/upload_document/issue_files/52 IJEAB-DEC-2017-20-Healthcare wastes management.pdf This experiment was conducted to assess the effect of different levels of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) fertilization on growth, grain yield, nutritional and bread-making quality of wheat in a compost-amended regosol soil. Wheat cultivar Minaminokaori was grown in containers containing a mixture of regosol and aerobic compost (2:1 v/v). This study comprised a non-fertilized control (F1) and six levels of NPK fertilizers: F2 (80 kg N + 40 kg P2O5 +40 kg K2O ha-1), F3 (110 kg N + 60 kg P2O5 + 55 kg K2O ha-1), F4 (140 kg N + 80 kg P2O5 + 70 kg K2O ha-1), F5 (170 kg N + 100 kg P2O5 + 85 kg K2O ha-1), F6 (200 kg N + 120 kg P2O5 + 100 kg K2O ha-1) and F7 (230 kg N + 140 kg P2O5 + 115 K2O kg ha-1). A significant improvement in agronomic performance, grain nutritional and bread-making quality of wheat was observed with the F6 treatment, it increased the grain yield (151.6%), crude protein (65.3%), water-soluble pentosan (40.5%), and dry gluten (4-fold) compared to the control. The F6 treatment also increased grain total N, P, K, Mg, Ca, Zn and inorganic phosphorus contents by 65.2, 33.6, 8.9, 19.7, 165.9, 26.1 and 80.0%, respectively, compared to control. However, it slightly increased grain phytate P content. The results from this study suggest that agronomic performance, grain yield, nutritional and bread-making quality of wheat can be improved with an appropriate dose of NPK in a compost-amended regosol soil. http://ijeab.com/detail/nutritional-and-bread-making-quality-of-wheat-as-influenced-by-mineral-fertilization-in-a-compost-amended-regosol-soil/ Mohammad Safar Noori, Hirofume Saneoka http://ijeab.com/upload_document/issue_files/53 IJEAB-DEC-2017-27-Nutritional and Bread-Making.pdf To investigate the performance of some sunflower genotypes to phosphorus fertilizer rates and planting dates to germination characters and seedling parameters. A laboratory experiment accompanied in seed lab during April and May 2017.The experiments included six sowing dates at 1th May, 15th May and 31th May, three soybean cultivars namely Crawford, Giza 22 and Giza 111 and three rates of phosphorus fertilizer viz. 0, 37.2 and 74.4 kg P2O5/ha.The tallest shoot, great percentages of germination, the lowermostpercentagesof dead seedand the highestcoefficient of velocitypercentage from sown on mid-May. In addition, the lowest days of germination time was produced from sown on first May. Whereas, the tallest root, the highest weight of fresh shoot and root as well as shoot dry weight from sown on end-May.The results clearly revealed that the highest percentage of germination, soot length and root length obtained from sown cv. Giza 111. The uppermostenergy of germination, shoot and root dry weight were recorded from sown Giza 22 cultivar. In addition, sown Crawford cultivar produced the highestdead seedpercentage and the lowest mean germination time.The results indicated that the lowest mean germination time and maximum percentage of coefficient of velocity, tallest shoot and root, weight of fresh shoot, shoot and dry root were obtained fromfertilizationof phosphate at the rate of31 kgP2O5/fed. It summarized that seed Giza 111 cultivar recorded the best in seed viability when sown on first May and fertilized with phosphorus fertilizer at the rate of 74.4 kg P2O5/ha. http://ijeab.com/detail/performance-of-some-soybean-genotypes-glycine-max-l-to-germination-and-seedling-characters-as-affected-by-planting-dates-and-phosphorus-fertilization/ Kandil A.A., A.E. Sharief, A.N. Ramadan http://ijeab.com/upload_document/issue_files/54 IJEAB-DEC-2017-38-Performance of Some Soybean.pdf Soybean production components such as planting date, cultivars and phosphorus fertilizer rates affected soybean yield. Two field experiments conducted in extensive field at El-Gahrbia district, Egypt during 2015 and 2016 seasons. The goal of this research was aimed to investigate the influence of sowing date at 1th May, 15th May and 31th May and three phosphorus fertilization rates, i.e. 0, 37.2 and 74.4 kg P2O5/ha on the performance of three soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrl) cultivars i.e. Crawford, Giza 22 and Giza 111 on growth, yield and seed quality. The tallest plants, the thick stem, highest branches number/plant, pods number/plant, seed number/pod, weight of 1000 seed and seed yield/ha were recorded from sown early on first May in the both seasons. The tallest plants, the thick stems and highest number of branches/plant were recorded from sown Crawford cultivar. Whereas maximum number of pods/plant and number of seed/pod were found from sown Giza 111 cultivar in the both seasons. Increasing phosphorous fertilizer rates significantly increased all studied cultivars of seed yield and yield components. Tallest plant, the thick stem, the highest branches number/plant, pods number/plant, seed number/pod, weight of1000 seed and seed yield/ha were produced from phosphorous fertilizer at a rate of 74.4 kg P2O5/ha in the first and second seasons, respectively. http://ijeab.com/detail/behaviors-of-some-soybean-cultivars-glycine-max-l-yield-to-planting-dates-and-different-phosphorus-fertilizer-rates/ Kandil A.A., A.E. Sharief, A.N.Ramadan http://ijeab.com/upload_document/issue_files/55 IJEAB-DEC-2017-39-Behaviors of Some Soybean.pdf To study the effect soaking in humic acid and salinity stress on sorghum seedling parameters, a laboratory experiment accompanied in Seed Science Laboratory Faculty of Agriculture Mansoura University from June 2017 to July 2017. This exploration intended to study performance of seedling parameters of five grain sorghum cultivars viz. Dorado, hybrid 306, Giza 15, Mecca hybrid and H-305 to soaking in humic acid under salinity concentrations of 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 dS/m-1beside the control, and humic acid soaking. The results showed that seed soaking in humic acid recorded the tallest shoot and root, weight of fresh shoot and root, weight of dry shoot and the lowest percentages of relative dry weight and highest salinity tolerance index. Seed soaking in humic acid exceeded shoot and root length (cm), weight of fresh shoot and root, weight of dry shoot and tolerance index by 14.3, 92.6, 8.7, 4.5, 4.7 and 40.8%, respectively compared without soakingin humic acid.The tallest shoot and the fresh shoot weight were produced from germinating Giza 15 cultivar. In addition, the tallest roots and highest values of stress tolerance index were recorded from sown Mecca hybrid and Giza 15 cultivars without significant differences. It could be stated that sown Mecca hybrid surpassed H-305 cultivar in root length by 36.3 %. Moreover, Giza 15 cultivar surpassed H-305 in shoot length, shoot fresh weight and stress tolerance index by 30.6, 10.1 and 29.1 %, respectively. The results clearly revealed that accumulative salinity concentrations from 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 dSm-1 significantly produced the shortest shoot, root, weight of fresh shoot, root, weight of dry shoot, and root, highest percentages of seedling height reduction, and stress tolerance index, except the percentage of relative dry weight increased with salinity levels increased. The shortest shoot and root (cm), were recorded from the highest salinity concentrations of 15 dSm-1. The gradually increases in salinity till of 15 dSm-1 significantly diminished the length of shoot and root, the fresh weight of shoot and root, the dry weight of shoot and root, seedling height reduction percentages, and stress tolerance index by 51.7, 17.7,4.7, 59.5, 38.7 and 57.4, respectively compared the control treatment. Accordingly, sown Mecca hybrid or Giza 15 cultivar with soaking in humic acid under salinity of 6 dSm-1maximized seedling parameters and could recommended to cultivated in saline new reclaimed soils. http://ijeab.com/detail/seedling-parameters-as-affected-by-soaking-in-humic-acid-salinity-stress-and-grain-sorghum-genotypes/ Kandil A.A., A.E. Sharief, Doha E. A. El Badry http://ijeab.com/upload_document/issue_files/56 IJEAB-DEC-2017-40-Seedling Parameters as affected.pdf In vivo experiment was conducted to screen fifty six genotypes for resistance to early shoot borer, Chilo infuscatellus Snellen at Zonal agricultural research station, V.C farm, Mandya during 2014-2015. The per cent incidence of ESB at different days after planting was varied among fifty six screened genotypes. The highest per cent incidence was recorded at 60 DAP (0.00 to 41.29) followed by at 30 DAP (0.00 to 20.15) and the per cent incidence at 90 DAP ranged from 0.00 to 14.24 and lowest per cent incidence was recorded at 120 DAP (0.00 to 4.40). Based on the cumulative incidence, 47 genotypes were categorized as less susceptible to C. infuscatellus. Nine genotypes were found moderately susceptible to C. infuscatellus. However, among less susceptible genotypes lowest cumulative incidence of 0.00 per cent was recorded in genotypes, 09-60-06. Whereas highest cumulative incidence of 29.86 per cent was recorded in moderately susceptible genotype, 10-38-06. http://ijeab.com/detail/screening-of-sugarcane-genotypes-for-resistance-against-sugarcane-early-shoot-borer-chilo-infuscatellus-snellen/ Umashankar H.G., Patel V.N., Nagaraja T., Vijaykumar L., Sugeetha. S http://ijeab.com/upload_document/issue_files/57 IJEAB-JUN-2017-56-Screening of sugarcane genotypes.pdf Biofertilizers offer a new technology to Indian agriculture holding a promise to balance many of the short comings of the conventional chemical based technology. They are usually prepared as carrier based inoculants containing effective microorganisms. The present study was aimed at to study the nursery performance of different formulations of PSB in maize and cotton plants. The selected PSB was mass multiplied in the laboratory and incorporated into the nursery soil through different carrier material such as coirpith, vermicompost, organic manure, lignite and vermiculite. The effect of bioinoculants on the growth and biochemical characters were studied from the control and treated seedling of Gossypium hirsutum and Zea mays. The significant difference was observed in the growth and biochemical characters in both Gossypium hirsutum and Zea mays. The effect was differed with reference to the nature of carrier materials used for the preparation of bioformulations. The results indicated that the bioformulation prepared by composted coirpith had superior in plant growth and development. http://ijeab.com/detail/effect-of-bioformulations-of-phosphate-solubilizing-bacteria-psb-on-the-growth-and-biochemical-characters-of-the-gossypium-hirsutum-and-zea-mays/ Tensingh Baliah N., Andal Priya S. http://ijeab.com/upload_document/issue_files/58 IJEAB-DEC-2017-28-Effect of bioformulations.pdf Wild legumes (herbs, shrubs or trees) play a critical role in natural ecosystems, agriculture, and agroforestry, where their ability to fix nitrogen makes them excellent colonizers of low-N environments, and hence an economic and environmentally friendly species. The field natural nodulation of the Tunisian Sulla crnosa, its symbiotic-efficiency and feed production potentiality in its saline biotope (sebkha d’El kelbia) were investigated in this study. A greenhouse experiment was conducted on plants transferred from sebkha with their soil in pots to explore the maximum potentialities of biomass production and nitrogen fixation of this legume when water is not a limiting factor (natural soil salinity was maintained in greenhouse). Obtained field and greenhouse study demonstrated that Sulla carnosa can be a good candidate for saline agriculture regarding its important ability to grow, produce biomass and fix nitrogen under high level of salinity (about 150 mM NaCl). This legume protects its photosynthetic and symbiotic organs against their overload with sodium by an important uptake of potassium and accumulation of Na in the roots. Sulla carnosa can play a goal role in the sustainable development in a region traditionally considered marginal. http://ijeab.com/detail/biomass-production-and-symbiotic-nitrogen-fixation-in-the-legume-sulla-carnosa-in-its-natural-biotope-sebkha-elkelbia/ Korked Hajer, Bousnina Hbib, Krouma Abdelmajid http://ijeab.com/upload_document/issue_files/59 IJEAB-DEC-2017-31-Biomass production and Symbiotic.pdf Ten surface soil samples (0-30 cm) were collected from El-Qasr village, El-Dakhla Oasis, New Valley, Egypt to investigate some soil properties and nutrients availability. The results revealed that most of the soil texture varied clay loam to sandy clay loam. The mean values of bulk density (BD), soil pH, electric conductivity (EC), saturation percentage (SP), calcium carbonate (CaCO3), cation exchangeable capacity (CEC), organic matter (OM), and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) were 1.42 gcm3, 7.89, 3.34 dSm-1, 52.10%, 7.46 %, 28.08 cmol (+) kg-1, and 3.65, respectively. The mean values of N, P, and K were 99.37, 31.32, 121.93, mg/kg, respectively. Meanwhile, the mean values of Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn were 27.39, 18.38, 0.48, and 3.48 mgkg-1, respectively. The correlations coefficient of NPK was strongly positively significant relationship with clay, OM, CEC, and SAR, but they negatively correlated with pH, EC, CaCO3. Meanwhile, Fe, Mn, and Cu were positively correlated with EC, CaCO3, while they negatively correlated with clay, pH, OM, CEC, and SAR. Also, Zn was negatively correlated with clay, pH, EC, OM, and CaCO3, and it positively correlated with CEC and SAR. http://ijeab.com/detail/available-nutrients-and-some-soil-properties-of-el-qasr-soils-el-dakhla-oasis-egypt/ Mahdy H. Hamed, Mostafa Y. Khalafallh http://ijeab.com/upload_document/issue_files/60 IJEAB-DEC-2017-21-Available nutrients and some.pdf Farming around urban centres (peri-urban farming) is a major source of fresh crop produce, notably vegetables. However, the limitation of land resources and the associated high level of soil contamination from domestic and industrial pollutants are major concerns for the safety of food materials from peri-urban farms. Thus, this study investigated heavy metals (As, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn) concentration in soil and vegetable samples (Amaranthus hybridus and Corchorus olitorius) collected from selected peri-urban farms with a view to providing information on the human health risks associated with consumption of peri-urban vegetables.This study showed that the concentration of investigated heavy metals in the soils of peri-urban farms were within the background range for farming set by FAO/WHO (2002) and EU (2006) while appreciable level of these metals were observed in vegetable samples. Arsenic concentration was below detection limit in all samples. Amaranthus showed higher retention capacity for the assayed heavy metals except Cu. Transfer Factor values showed metal uptake by vegetables in the order Cd > Zn > Pb > Cu. The estimated daily intake showed that the highest consumption of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn were from Amaranthus. The Health risk index showed high values for Cd and Pb but low values for Cu and Zn for both Amaranthus and Corchorus. The results obtained in this study regarding the hazard index indicate that vegetables grown in selected peri-urban farms are not safe for consumption. http://ijeab.com/detail/assessment-of-heavy-metals-level-in-soil-and-vegetables-grown-in-peri-urban-farms-around-osun-state-and-the-associated-human-health-risk/ Akande F. O., Ajayi S. A. http://ijeab.com/upload_document/issue_files/61 IJEAB-DEC-2017-26-Assessment of Heavy Metals.pdf The objective of this research was to sudy the effects of pre-sowing treatments to enhance germination, growth and transplanting of true shallot seeds. The experiment was conducted in the glasshouse at Tangtu village, Badung regency from August until November 2017. Germination experiment was carried out in petridishes, while that for seedling vigour and growth experiment was done in plastic pots containing sand and top soil mixture. Both experiments were designed as complete randomized design with eight concentrations of KNO3 (1, 1.5 and 2 M) and GA3 (100, 150 and 200 ppm). Those treatments were replicated four times. Seeds were soaked for 24 hours in each concentration of solution prior to planting in petridishes as well as in pots. Results of the experiment showed that GA3 significantly increased germination percentage, speed of germination (57-63% germinated seeds at 1 dap), index of seedling vigour, speed of seedling emergence (34,39% day-1) and percentage of seedlings having one true leaf (52%) at 9 dap. The effects of KNO3 on those variables were not significantly different from those of GA3 except on speed of seedling emergence. KNO3 2M and GA3 (100, 150 , 200 ppm) resulted in 12 days earlier in transplanting seedlings than control. http://ijeab.com/detail/pre-sowing-treatment-enhanced-germination-and-vigour-of-true-shallot-allium-cepa-var-aggregatum-seeds/ Agung I G.A.M.S., Diara I.W. http://ijeab.com/upload_document/issue_files/62 IJEAB-DEC-2017-34-Pre-sowing Treatment.pdf In order to investigate salinity stress on sorghum germination indices, an experiment conducted in the Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University from June and July 2017 in Agronomy Department, Seed Science Laboratory. The goals of the investigation aimed to screening for five (Sorghum bicolor L.(Moench) cultivarsviz. Dorado, hybrid 306, Giza 15, Mecca hybrid and H-305 under salinity stress, sodium chloride (Na Cl) at the levels of 0 (as control), 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 dS/m-1 and soaking in humic acid. The results showed that soaking seed in humic acid exceeded percentage of germination, germination rate, germination index, energy of germination and chlorophyll content by 5.2, 7.7, 17.1, 65.8 and 17.8 %, respectively. The highest germination percentage (91.9 %), germination rate (3.08), germination energy (59.7), seedling vigor index (1483.7) and chlorophyll content (2.88) were obtained from sown Mecca hybrid. The maximum germination index (117.22) was obtainedfrom sown Giza 15 cultivar.The results point out that cumulative salinity level from 3 to 15 dSm-1condensedall studied germination characters. Accumulative salinity levels to 15 dSm-1condensedpercentage of germination, germination rate, index of germination, germination energy and seedling vigor index by 15.9, 15.0, 30.0, 35.9 and 37.6 %, respectively compared without salinity application. It could recommended that soaking sorghum seed of Meeca hybrid with humic acid for 12 h under salinity of concentration of 6 dSm-1 enhanced germination characters compared with other cultivars and salinity concentrations, it mean cultivated it under reclaimed saline soil in Egypt. http://ijeab.com/detail/germination-characters-as-affected-by-salinity-stress-and-soaking-grain-sorghum-genotypesin-humic-acid/ Kandil A.A., A.E. Sharief, Doha E. A. Elbadry http://ijeab.com/upload_document/issue_files/63 IJEAB-DEC-2017-41-Germination Characters as.pdf A survey was conducted in the rice fields of Tirunelveli, Tuticorin, Kanyakumari and Madurai districts of Tamil Nadu during 2016to assess the importance of bacterial leaf blight (BLB) of rice caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. Bacterial Leaf Blight affected leaf samples showing yellowing symptoms or orange to brown stripes on one or both halves of the leaf blade were collected from seventeen places and maintained as isolates. Upon isolation, symptomatic leaf pieces were surface sterilized and placed in wakimoto semi-synthetic medium. The yellow pigmented, raised and translucent colonies with smooth margin were obtained after incubation at 28°C for 2 days. The biochemical characterization revealed that the bacteria belong to gramnegativefacultative anaerobes with small rods either arranged singly or in chains. Thirteen isolates show positive results in biochemical tests viz.,Gram staining, KOH test, starch hydrolysis, anaerobic growth test, tween 80 hydrolysis test, catalase test, citrate utilizationtest and production of yellow pigment on Yeast Dextrose Chalk agar medium. In virulence test, Isolate 1, Isolate 3 and Isolate 4 were considered virulent as they have caused severe blight symptoms both in TN1 and ADT 43, the susceptible check varieties. Based on 16S rRNA sequence analysis, the causal agent was identified as Pantoea stewartii subsp. indolegenes (Accession No. SUB2733370: MF163273; MF163274; MF16327). The biochemical and molecular analysis revealed that the causal agent was not Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae, but a new species of bacteriumnamely Pantoea stewartii subsp. indolegenes. This is the first report of new bacterial leaf blight disease of rice caused by Pantoea stewartii subsp.indologenesin southern districts of Tamil Nadu. http://ijeab.com/detail/characterization-of-new-bacterial-leaf-blight-of-rice-caused-by-pantoea-stewartii-subsp-indologenes-in-southern-districts-of-tamil-nadu/ Vinodhini J, R. Kannan, R. Uma Sankareswari, R. Akila, M. Arumugam Pillai http://ijeab.com/upload_document/issue_files/64 IJEAB-DEC-2017-29-Characterization of New.pdf Often, the total quality has been instrumented before being weighted. The strategies even precede a diagnosis in Mexican organizations, but in an opposite sense, the present work set out to establish the reliability and validity of an instrument to measure the perception of total quality based on three indicators related to management. , production and transfer of knowledge. A nonperimental study was carried out with a non-probabilistic selection of 124 administrative staff and employees from an organization in central Mexico. From a structural model ⌠X2 = 123,24 (23df) p = 0,010; GFI = 0,990; CFI =,991; IFI = 0,993; RMSEA = 0,007⌡, it was found that management affects production (0,38) and this about the total perceived quality (0,35), although there are lines of research concerning empathy, commitment, entrepreneurship, satisfaction and happiness in relation to the implementation of continuous improvements to the quality of processes and products. http://ijeab.com/detail/governance-for-sustainability-in-an-organization-in-central-mexico/ José Marcos Bustos-Aguayo, Margarita Juárez-Nájera, Javier Carreón-Guillén, Francisco Rubén Sandoval-Vázquez, Jorge Hernández-Valdés http://ijeab.com/upload_document/issue_files/65 IJEAB-DEC-2017-35-Governance for Sustainability.pdf The organizational process that goes from the knowledge networks to the strategic alliances supposes a management, production and transfer of information that the literature differentiates according to the degree of empathy, commitment, entrepreneurship, innovation and satisfaction of leaders and followers. In this sense, the objective of this study was to study the phenomenon in coffee growers in central Mexico. From a structural model ⌠X 2 = 321.23 (34gl) p = 0.009; GFI = 0.990; CFI = 0.975; RMSEA = 0.008⌡, after establishing the reliability and validity of an instrument, it was found that innovation determines satisfaction (0.51), although the type of study, sample selection and analysis limit the findings to the specific context of the investigation. Lines concerning the extension of work to different contexts and samples are noticed. http://ijeab.com/detail/knowledge-networks-around-the-strategic-alliances-of-micro-coffee-producers/ Enrique Vázquez-Fernández, Javier Carreón Guillén, Arturo Sánchez Sánchez http://ijeab.com/upload_document/issue_files/66 IJEAB-DEC-2017-36-Knowledge Networks around.pdf Moringa oleifera is well known medicinal plant. Its different parts are widely used for the treatment of different types of diseases since is have antibacterial and antifungal activity. The leaves are rich in iron, rhamnose and a unique group of compounds called glucosinolates and isothiocyanates. Other medical proprieties include antipyretic, antiepileptic, antiinflamatory, antiulcerative, antihypertensive, cholesterol lowering, antioxidant, anti diabetic. The current investigation was undertaken to evaluate the antifungal activities by petroleum ether and ethanolic extracts of Moringa oleifera leaves against Penicillium crysogenum and Cryptococcus neoformans. From our study, it is found that as concentration of Moringa leaves extract increases the diameter of zone of inhibition found increased. The results were higher and effective for ethanolic extract than petroleum extract. The result were also found more effective against Cryptococcus neoformans than Penicillium crysogenum. http://ijeab.com/detail/antifungal-activity-of-petrolium-and-ethanolic-extracts-of-moringa-oleifera-leaves-against-penicillium-chrysogenum-and-cryptococcus-neoformans/ Kale Bhagwat, Dr. N. S. Mali, Lonkar Amar, Jadhav Sourabh http://ijeab.com/upload_document/issue_files/67 IJEAB-DEC-2017-6-Antifungal Activity of Petrolium.pdf Omeprazole (OMZ) and lansoprazole (LNZ) was examined as spectrophotometric reagents for the detection of phosphate in presence 3-Methyl-2-benzothiazolinone hydrazone hydrochloride hydrate (MBTH) as electrophilic coupling reagent. The medium used for the reaction was acidic. The blue colour that was produced indicated that the MBTH-OMZ/LNZ method had the maximum absorbance at 640 nm. Beer's law is verified by the method within the range of 100-1600 ng mL-1 and 200-1800 ng mL-1for OMZ, LNZ, respectively. The blue colour formed at room temperature (270C) remained stable for 24 hours. The molar absorptivity with LNZ and PNZ was found to be 4.98x104 and 3.76 x104. The interference studies with 8 cations/ anions were carried out and the results indicated that the method was free from the common interfering ions. The developed method showed good reproducibility and can be sufficiently applied for the detection of phosphate in water samples. http://ijeab.com/detail/determination-of-phosphate-in-water-samples-using-antiulcer-drugs-as-spectrophotometric-reagents/ Syeda Ayesha http://ijeab.com/upload_document/issue_files/68 IJEAB-OCT-2017-41-Determination.pdf