Volume 5 Number 4 (July 2020)

Analysis of the Development of the Export Seaweed Processing Industry in South Sulawesi

Reza, S Made, Aris Baso

This research was conducted in the seaweed industries in South Sulawesi, especially in the Makassar industrial area (KIMA). The purpose of this study is to develop a strategy for developing seaweed commodity processing industries to increase added value. Analysis of the data used is using SWOT analysis. With SWOT analysis, it can produce several alternative strategies in making good decisions to be carried out. So that it can determine the development strategy of the seaweed industry. The results showed an IFAS score of 2.79 and a score for the EFAS results of 2.85. When converted into IE Matrix diagram, it is located in quadrant V, where the results of the company enter into the phase of Growth and Stability. The right strategy for companies in quadrant V is SO strategy, using a strategy that utilizes existing opportunities by utilizing the strengths they possess, namely by intensification and extensification of cultivated land, diversification of seaweed processed products and development of fishery products that have high added value including the biotechnology-based industry.

Hydroponicâ€” The Future of Farming

Neha Dubey, Vaibhav Nain

Hydroponics is the modern solution for modern problems. Due to extensive traditional agriculture and various man made activities like deforestation. Fertile and arable land is decreasing day by day. While transporting the food we eat, so much of fossil fuels goes into transportation. The volume of water which is used in conventional farming is shocking. For the irrigation in these conventional farming, large volume of water is needed and water is one of the most crucial resource to be saved. Loads of chemical fertilizers and pesticides that are used in conventional farming flows into the water bodies and make them polluted. To tackle these problems hydroponics can be used as the effective method. In hydroponics plants are grown in a room without the use of any soil. Plants do not require soil for their growth all they need is water and various micro and macro nutrients that are present in soil. In hydroponics water and these nutrients are provided to the plants directly. With the effect of which plants do not have to spend their energy in the expansion of their root system for the search of water and minerals. The use this energy for the production of better food products. Hydroponics have numerous advantages over soil base farming. In this paper all the advantages, history, types and basic components of hydroponics has been explained.

Biosugar Production from Kappaphycus alvarezii by Hydrolysis Method Using Fungi Trichoderma harzianum

St. Zaenab, Kasmiati, Sulfahri, Asmi Citra Malina A.R. Tassakka

Kappaphycus alvarezii is one of the natural resources containing high carbohydrate, and it has potential as an alternative raw material for sugar industry. This study aims to analyze the optimum conditions of the fungi Trichoderma harzianum in degradating polysaccharides from K. alvarezii into sugar. The seaweed was collected in Takalar Sea, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The fungi was previously activated at 30°C for three days in 2% of seaweed substrate. The efficiency of the T. harzianum in producing biosugar was evaluated under various concentrations of inoculum (5%, 10%, 15% and 20%) and hydrolysis time (0 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h). The result implied that K. alvarezii contain 55,58% of carbohydrate which was dominated by starch 35.83% and cellulose 12.21%. Furthermore, the highest content of sugar indicated by 12,27 g/L of reducing sugar was obtained at the combination of 20% of the fungi and 24h incubation. In conclusion, the fungi T. harzianum has ability to convert carbohydrate of K.alvarezii to sugar through hydrolysis process.

Effects of Climate Change Adaptation Strategies on Technical Efficiency of Poultry Production in Benue State, Nigeria

Ezihe J.A.C., Ochima E.E., Iorlamen T.R.

This study determined the effects of climate change adaptation strategies on technical efficiency of poultry production in Benue State, Nigeria. The population of the study consist of all poultry farmers in Benue State. A sample size of 198 was selected using multistage sampling technique. Data for the study were collected from primary source using a structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequencies distribution, percentages and mean as well as inferential statistics such as Stochastic frontier production function. Farmers’ perceived intensity of climate change as very high temperature, excessive rainfall, drought, irregular relative humidity, excessive sunshine and long period of harmattan with almost all variables exceeding the cut-off mean of 2.0. Majority of the respondents used adaptation strategies to cope with climate change. The result of the stochastic frontier analysis showing the climate change adaptation strategies influencing inefficiency of poultry output showed that, raising of broods and sell, tree planting around poultry house, more water served were found to reduce farmers’ economic inefficiency of poultry output at 10% level of significance. The study hence, revealed that climate change adaptation strategies had significant relationship with economic inefficiency of poultry production in the study area. Therefore, the study recommended the need to improve on farmers’ access to information on climate change and appropriate adaptation strategies as well as providing credit facilities to help improve farmers’ capacity to adapt to climate change.

An Analysis of Value-Added of Seaweed Products as An Efforts to Improve Public Welfare in Bantaeng District

Soraya Ramadani, Hamzah, Sitti Fakhriyyah

This study aims to quantify the revenue and analyze the value-added seaweed crackers product of SMEs A and SMEs B in Bantaeng District by using the income formula and the value-added revenue method. The results shows that SMEs A gains higher revenues amounted IDR 1.618.862 than SMEs B, which get the most revenue IDR. 885.250. It is influenced by the type of product, activities production, capital, and marketing. Meanwhile, the ratio of the value-added of SMEs A was also higher by 91.30%, with a profit rate of 98.54% compared to 88.43% for SMEs B by a margin of 98.43%. It can be assumed that the seaweed cracker business can improve the incomes and public welfare in Bantaeng.

Consumption and Effect of Artificial Sweeteners and Artificially Sweetened Products on Lebanese Population

Marwa Al Mousawi, Sami Tlais, Ali Alkatib, Hassan S. Hajj Hussein

Non-caloric or non-nutritive artificial sweeteners are chemically synthesized or extracted from natural sources to replace regular sugar. The main reasons behind using artificial sweeteners are weight loss, blood sugar control for diabetic people, and dental caries prevention. Although many studies support the use of sweeteners and artificially sweetened products, others focus on the long-term negative consequences of their usage. A survey was conducted to explore the effect and prevalence of non-caloric tabletop sweeteners and non-caloric sweetened products consumption among Lebanese population based on their Body Mass Index (BMI), sex, age, and health. The survey was completed by a sample of 457 subjects. The questionnaire included consumption pattern, brands used, and the frequency of consuming artificial sweeteners and sweetened products. Data showed that 30% of Lebanese population consumes artificial sweeteners as tabletop while 31% consumes artificially sweetened products. Sucralose was the most consumed sweetener; however, its daily intake range was far below its Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI). The highest percentage of consumers (41%) made the shift to sweeteners from regular tabletop sugar around one year prior to this study. With increasing age, there was a decrease in the percentage of respondents who observed “weight loss” due to replacing regular sugar with sweeteners. The study determined that the majority of respondents (66%) were unaware of the side effects of these sweeteners. Also, the majority of diabetic respondents (78%) and (57%) did not observe any decrease in HbA1c and blood sugar levels, respectively. In a complementary survey that targeted Lebanese dietitians, 78% recommended the use of tabletop sweeteners instead of tabletop sugar, while 52% did not support the consumption of artificially sweetened products. Also, the survey showed that “Nevella” was the most recommended brand by (57%) of dietitians.

Bacteriological and Physicochemical quality of Borehole water used for drinking at Olusegun Agagu University of Science and Technology, Okitipupa, Nigeria

Adeyemo Isaiah Adeyemi

The concern over exposure to drinking water contaminants and the resultant adverse effects on human health has prompted several studies evaluating the quality of drinking water sources at Olusegun Agagu University of Science and Technology (OAUSTECH). Six (6) Borehole water samples were collected from three (3) functional boreholes in OAUSTECH. Two water samples from each borehole were collected using standard techniques. The physicochemical parameters analyzed include, odor, color, taste, temperature, pH, conductivity, alkalinity, total dissolved solid, total hardness and chloride. All physicochemical parameters of the Borehole water samples were shown to be within recommended permissible limit of WHO and NAFDAC standard for potable drinking water. The bacteriological analysis of the three borehole water samples were carried out using the Most Probable Number technique (MPN). From the analysis BH1, BH2 and BH3 tested negative for total coliforms and fell within the recommended limit of WHO and NAFDAC standard for drinking water. This study has shown that water from the boreholes at Olusegun Agagu University of Science and Technology is safe for drinking. However, good and proper environmental and personal hygiene must be maintained especially by the users of these boreholes to prevent their contamination with bacteria pathogen. Boreholes should also be properly constructed with good understanding of site locations.

Effect of Fertigation Levels and Different Spacings on Yield and Yield Attributes of Bell Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.var.grossum sendt.) in Polyhouse condition

Athira R. C, T. Sajitha Rani

An experiment was carried out in bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.var.grossum sendt.) to study the influence of fertigation levels and different spacings on yield and yield attributes under polyhouse condition.The perusal of the data revealed that widely spaced (45 cm x 60 cm) plants produced the highest number of fruits plant-1 (13.75), fruit girth (25.23 cm) and fruit yield plant-1 (1.53 kg) while fruit yield m-2 (8.92 kg) was the highest for closely spaced (45 cm x 30 cm) plants. Yield and yield attributes were significantly influenced by fertigation levels. Among the fertigation levels, 100 % adhoc recommendation of KAU for precision farming (230: 25: 250 N, P2O5 and K2O kg ha-1) registered the highest number of fruits plant-1(15.15), fruit girth (26.24 cm), fruit yield plant-1 (1.72 kg) and fruit yield m-2 (8.30 kg).

Impact of cluster frontline demonstration programme on the yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum l.) in Mehsana district of Gujarat, India

Patel B. K., Patel R. A.

Cluster Front Line demonstrations (CFLDs) is a unique approach to provide an direct interface between researcher and farmers as the scientists are directly involved in planning, execution and monitoring of the demonstrations. The present study was conducted to assess the impact of cluster frontline demonstrations of chickpea crop in the Mehsana district of Gujarat state. Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is a highly nutritious grain legume crop and is widely appreciated as health food as well as high return crop. Cluster Front line demonstrations were conducted at 93 farmers’ fields under 37.2 ha, to demonstrate production potential and economic benefits of improved technologies. Study revealed that improved cultivation practices comprised under CFLDs viz., improved varieties, proper tillage, proper seed rate, line sowing using seed cum fertilizer drill, seed treatment with chemical fungicide, dual inoculation of Rhizobium + PSB, RDF as per STV, water management at critical stages, weed management and application of IPM module for the management of insect (Specially on gram pod borer) resulted in increase in yield in gram crop over the check plots. The improved technologies gave higher yields and recorded a mean yield of 20.60 and 21.45 q/ha chickpea yield during 2017-18 and 2018-19, respectively which was 22.26 and 16.39 percent higher compared to prevailing farmers practice. The benefit: cost ratios of chick pea cultivation under improved practices were 4.10 and 3.82 as compared to 3.20 and 3.43 under farmer practices for the two consecutive years.

Effect of Different Planting Time on Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus (TYLCV) of Tomato and Its Impact on Yield in Bangladesh

Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) is infamous for tomato-infecting viruses and causes a huge loss of the yield irrespective of the planting time. So, in order to find out the effect of different planting time on TYLCV disease of tomato and its impact on yield. A study was carried out at the Department of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University (SAU), Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh during the period of October 2016 to May 2017. Two popular BARI released variety namely BARI Tomato-14 and BARI Tomato-16 were used in this study that was transplanted at three different planting times (1st planting time on 1st November 2nd planting time on 15th November and 3rd planting time on 1st December 2016). The lowest percent TYLC disease incidence (12.42%) and percent disease severity (15.37%) were found in 3rd planting (1st December) in BARI Tomato-16 variety, respectively. Under the present study, considering the percentage of TYLC disease incidence and severity, BARI tomato-16 on 1st December showed better performance comparing others. The 3rd planting (1st December) and BARI Tomato-16 variety were found to have the highest yield (77.23 ton/ha) and promising the lowest level of percentage of disease incidence (12.42%) and percent disease severity (15.37%) against TYLCV. A strong positive correlation was obtained between the whitefly population and the percent disease incidence of TYLCV. The whitefly population and the yield of tomato were negatively correlated with each other. The yield was also found significant and negatively correlated with the percentage of TYLCV disease incidence.

Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE) in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seedlings in response to treatment with extract of Cymbopogon citratus and mineralization of Tithonia diversifolia leaves and cow dung

The aim of this work was to study the effect of Cymbopogon citratus extract on nitrogen metabolism in relation to the increase of Nitrogen Use efficiency (NUE) in tomato plants. The culture substrates (δ) were prepared with fertilizations of 15g N and 5g N following the formula: δ + tomato plants + treatments (2%). Treatments included, Hydro Ethanol Extract (HEE) of C. citratus (2%), 2% Ridomil (R) and Control (C). The tomato seedlings were transplanted 32 days after sowing and (δ) sampled 12th, 24th, 36th and 48th days after transplanting and the following parameters determined: Total nitrogen, Electrical Conductivity (EC (dS/m)), Total Mineral content (TM (ppm)), pH water, nitrate (NO3- (ppm)), ammonium (NH4+ (ppm)) and NUE (kg-1 DM), using these techniques: Kjedahl, Electrochemistry, Spectrophotometry. The results from the dosage of N revealed that Tithonia diversifolia (Ti), Cow dung (Cd), soil/sand (2:1) mixture and NPK contained 3.32%, 2.13%, 0.23 %, and 23.00% of N respectively. The kinetics of mineralization in the δTi, δCd showed a primary mineralization while that in the δNPK and δC showed a secondary mineralization. The values of NUENPKHEE, NUENPKR, NUETiHEE, NUETiR, NUECdHEE, and NUECdR increased by 38.49%; 37.45%; 27.74%; 52.07%; 93.93%; 70.52%, respectively. The combination of plant spray with HEE of C. citratus and soil amendment with T. diversifolia or cow dung improved significantly the NUE of tomato plants confirming that T. diversifolia and cow dung are slow mineralization nitrogenous biofertilisers.

Potential Health Risk Assessment for the Occurrence of Heavy Metals in Rice field Influenced by Landfill Activity in Can Tho City, Vietnam

Nguyen Thanh Giao

The study was conducted to assess potential risk of heavy metals in the soil and rice plants in the ricefield around the landfill in Dong Thang commune, Co Do district, Can Tho city, Vietnam. Four soil samples in which three samples were collected around the landfill and one sample was collected one km away from the landfill for the analysis of heavy metals including Mn, Zn, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb and Cd. Rice samples were collected during ripening stage (few days before the harvest) at the same locations with the soil sampling, for the same heavy metal species analysis. The findings revealed that six out of seven heavy metals occurred in the soil.The decreasing order of theheavy metals concentrationsin the soil samples was Mn > Zn> Ni> Cr> Cu> Pb. This study found that accumulation of heavy metals in parts of rice at S1-S3 was higher that those at S4 (except for Zn and Pb at rice roots) and decreased in the order Mn> Zn> Cu> Ni> Cr (except in rice grain, Cr> Cu> Ni). Heavy metalsgenerally in the rice partswere in the magnitude order of root > stem-leave> grain. The calculated hazard index (HI) indicated that the accumulation of heavy metals in soil and rice grain is not likely to pose a threat to public health (HI

Shoot induction using Benzyl Adenine in three accessions of patchouli plant (Pogostemon cablin Benth) from West Pasaman

Eliza Mayura, Gustian, Renni Mayerni

Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth) is a major essential oil-producing plant in Indonesia. But its productivity is still low that influenced by low genetic quality. In West Pasaman Regency, there are three patchouli local accessions namely Situak, Rimbo Binuang, and Tombang that have potential as a genetic resource in the breeding program. In this study, the tissue culture method was used for plant propagation to produce superior seedling in a relatively short time. This study aims to determine the effective concentration of BA for in vitro callus formation and plantlet regeneration in three patchouli accessions. The method used is Random Design (CRD) with 2 factors, namely the concentration of BA (0.01 and 0.03 ppm) and plant accessions (Situak, Rimbo Binuang, and Tombang), with 6 total treatments using 5 replications. Data were analyzed statistically by the F test at a 5% significance level and followed by the DNMRT at a 5% level. The results showed that the treatment of BA 0.01 ppm in Rimbo Binuang accession produce the highest value in all variables which are live explants percentage, explants forming callus percentage, number of shoots per explant, number of total leaves, and number of leaves per shoot are 92 %, 92 %, 5.30 shoots, 28.80 leaves, and 4.20 leaves respectively. So, it concluded that the 0.01 ppm BA is an optimal concentration as a patchouli in-vitro growth inducer. The best plant accession as a genetic source in plant propagation using BA is the Rimbo Binuang accession.

Optimization of Milk Performance and Quality in Dairy Farms by using a Quarter individual Milking System â€œMultiLactorâ€

Kaskous S.

Within the daily work on dairy farms milk harvesting is a crucial factor in optimizing milk performance and quality. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of optimizing the milking process by using a quarter individual milking system “MultiLactor” (ML) on milk performance and quality. 170 Holstein-Friesian dairy cows were used on a farm in Switzerland.The cows were milked three times a day with an ML milking system. Recording of milk yield and collecting of milk sample were carried out monthly from each cow for one year. After that, the main milk parameters were analyzed by Association of Milk Records Switzerland. The primary milk data was processed with Excel program. Thereafter, analysiswas carried out using the Statistical Analysis System (SAS). The average milk yield was 35.84±0.28 kg/cow/day. This corresponds to an annual milk yield of 12000 kg/cow. The mean values of milk composition were 4.36±0.02%, 3.28±0.01%, 4.75±0.01%, 20.65±0.20 mg/dl and 99.63±6.48 x 103 cells/ml for fat, protein, lactose, urea and somatic cell count (SCC) respectively. It was also shown that the cows remained healthy in the farm during the study period. In conclusion, the obtained results demonstrated that the cows produced a higher milk yield with good quality, since the milking system adapts the physiological requirements of dairy cows.

Water intake and excretion of growing she-camels in relation to the type of roughage fed and concentrate

A. M. Abdel-Wahed

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of three roughages (Atriplex, clover hay or rice straw) were fed ad lib with two levels of concentrate (95% and 50% ad lib) on feed intake, water utilization,(water intake and excretion)of growing she-camels. Nine healthy growing she-camels (28-30 months old and 376.3 kg body weight, BW) were housed individually in metabolic cages and randomly allotted to three treatments, three camels each. The experiment lasted for 60 days. Results indicated that limiting concentrate to 50% decreased (P

Molecular Identification of Phytophagous Scarabaeid from different regions of India

K. Srinivasa Murthy

Identification of scarabaeid beetles is a challenging task due to variable morphological differences among species and delineation among the immature forms, the grubs and adults. A method for easy and accurate species-level identification at any life stage is required. In this study, a 658-base pair region of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene was used to explore its utility in the identification of important beetles. Twenty seven specimens were collected from 25 locations in different states, were characterized using specific primers for their identification. Sequence analysis and divergence among the species was assessed. The composition of the mitochondrial sequence of the COI gene in the present study was expectedly AT biased. Genbank accession numbers were obtained for the species. Molecular sequence information from NCBI revealed relatedness in all the collected scarabaeids, accurately as revealed by their morphological characters. The studies indicate the relevance of DNA sequencing to match different forms of beetles and address ambiguities in morphological identification and information on species diversity would help plan strategies for pest management.

Assessment of the current status of pesticide use in triple-rice crops in Hoa Long commune, Lai Vung district, Dong Thap province, Vietnam

Nguyen Thanh Giao

This study was implemented to evaluate the current status of pesticide use in triple rice cropping in Hoa Long commune, Lai Vung district, Dong Thap province, Vietnam. The findings showed that the common pesticides used by the farmersin the study area belonging to toxicity Group II and III (World Health Organization (WHO) classification) accounted for 67.6%. Some farmers also usedpesticides containing banned active ingredients such as 2.4D, carbosulfan and carbendazole. The frequency of pesticide use was 5.5 times/crop which was relatively high. Basing on the active ingradientcompounds present in the study area, the potential environmental impact of pesticides is very seriously. The farmers used masks when spraying pesticides, however, they did not have a full understanding of the harmful effects of pesticide exposure. Packaging and bottles of pesticides after use have not been collected and disposed appropriately;it was commonly thrown away in the canals, ditches, and bare land after use. Local authorityhas not yet taken comprehensive measures to completely handle pesticide packaging and bottles due to funding constraints. In order to reduce the environmental and health risks associated with the use of pesticides and its wastes in the study area, local authority needs to increase the propaganda of knowledge about the management and use of pesticides while developing appropriate program for effective management of pesticidewastes.

Solid Waste Composition and Management in Phu Huu Eco-Tourism Area, Hau Giang Province, Vietnam

Nguyen Thanh Giao

The study was conducted to evaluate the current status of solid waste management in PhuHuu Eco-Tourism Area in HauGiang Province, Vietnam in 2019. The main research method was to interview managers and visitors to the place. In addition, the study also aimed to classify and estimate daily generated solid waste. The results presented that the rate of generation of solid waste was 0.3 kg/person/day, with total solid wastes of 70-100 kg/day for weekdays and 200-300 kg/day for weekends and holidays. The organic components accounted for 69% including rice, leftovers, spoiled vegetables, fruit peels and leaves while inorganic components occupied 31% including plastic cups, straws, plastic wrap and foam boxes. Results of interviews with visitors indicated that the majority of tourists did not agree with the arrangement of rubbish bins and solid waste management in the tourist area. Solid waste management is not efficient due to the arrangement and the size of the waste bins, as well as the methods of solid waste classification. There is a need for better management of solid in the waste tourism area to attract more tourists to visit.

Touchdown treatment of root trainer shortened the formation time of root mass of rubber tree seedlings

Xin-long Wang, Xianhong Chen, Jun Wang

Root trainers are increasingly being used to avoid root coiling and distortion and lack of wind tolerance after field transplanting, when compared to the conventional polybag planting system. Root tips grew out of root trainer forming an intact root mass and then could be transplanted to the field with high survival rate. While the influence of spatial position on root tips growing out of budded stump root trainer was still unknown at nursery stage. Therefore, the bottoms of root trainer were placed in aboveground(20cm, current practice), touchdown(0cm) and underground(15cm) for budded stump nursery, respectively. Clone CATAS 7-20-59 budded stump was raised in root trainer and percentage of plants with root tips outgrowing, growth performance, leaf N content, leaf SPAD, leaf temperature and leaf surface humility were recorded, respectively. The results showed that root trainer touchdown of budded stump gave more percentage in root tips growing out of root trainer, more leaf N content(P

Effects of Dehaulming in Potato (Solanum tuberosum) Cultivation: A Review

Ashmita Upadhyay, Saujan Bashyal

Potato is one of the most important commercial crops worldwide covering 20 million hectares cropping area. Series of cultivation practices are performed in potato cultivation where dehaulming is considered one of the prime-factors that affect the quality and size of tubers. It is also considered as a key factor in production of healthy potato seed in Seed plot technique methods. Dehaulming practice includes the act of detaching and defoliating the vegetative part lying above the ground of potato plant from the underground tuber. Effect of dehaulming is significantly found in the yield of seed tuber, the post-harvest quality of potato tuber and the disease, pest protection aspect of plants. The weight of tuber was found to be 384.20 g when haulm was cut at 65 days after planting (DAP), then significant increase in weight was found i.e. 533.00 g when the haulm was cut at 80 DAP. And the maximum seed yield was observed when dehaulming was done at 70 DAP i.e. 19.75 t/ha and similar to the non-seed yield. The post-harvest quality of tuber is also significantly improved when dehaulming was performed prior to harvesting. Mainly, the dehaulming practice when performed at 65 DAP was found comparatively safer from infestation and viral disease transmission through the sap sucking pest.

Fall armyworm: Menace to Nepalese farming and the integrated management approaches

Srisha Bista, Manisha Kumari Thapa, Saugat Khana

Having worldwide spread from its native American distribution to Africa and Asia since 2016, the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) is a crop pest species that has entered Nepal in May 2019 and distributed all over in a rapid way. Nepal is an agrarian nation and the majority of the farmers grow maize on a large scale. This pest has found to affect the maize substantially and damages all the crops entirely declining the yield heavily. This is a menace to maize farmers and poses a major threat to food security and agricultural trade. Thus this review focuses on the assessment of biology of the pest and the possible management approaches which the smallholder maize farmers could afford. Integrated pest management approaches, the integration of physical, chemical, and biological method, is adopted by the majority of the corn producers to reduce the impact of the pest on the crops. Different national and international organizations and institutions have been working to develop the strategies for effective control of such a harmful insect in Nepal.

Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) Production, Processing Facilities and Quality Assessment in Kafubulum Chiefdom, Sierra Leone

Turay F., Lahai P. M., Luseni M. M., Carpenter P. A., Bayon M. S., Kallon V. F.

The research was conducted to investigate the cashew production, processing facilities and quality assessment in Sierra Leone Agricultural Research Institute (SLARI)/Kenema Forestry and Tree Crops Research Centre (KFTCRC), Sierra Leone. A total of 80structured questionnaires on cashew production, processing facilities and quality assessment were administered to farmers including men and women in the Kafubulum Chiefdom, Port Loko District. Data obtained were analysed descriptively and quantitatively. Simple arithmetic like percentages were used to analyze the data. Tables were then used to present the facts and finding recording the research. The research revealed the Red and Yellow cashew colours were the varieties cultivated in the study area and red cashew gave better yield in the Kafubulum Chiefdom from the interview conducted. Upon the two colours, Red reported to be high yielding with 55% respondents. Also, cashew farmers have no processing facility except for roasting and drying the cashew kernel 100% each from the results obtained. This was shown from the analyses that 100% of these producers were willing to process their cashew to kernel.In general, the quality of the cashew kernels were high as farmers were able to maintain the exact required kernel 8% moisture content through colour observation and taste and Premium with 52.5% kernel grades were discovered.

Preliminary Survey of Composition, Generation and Management of Solid Wastes in Ward 7, Soc Trang City, Soc Trang, Vietnam

Nguyen Thanh Giao

This research was to investigate the current status of solid waste generation, composition and management in Ward 7, Soc Trang City, Soc Trang Province through interviewing the households of understandings and practices with solid wastes and the placing the plastic bags for collecting the generated wastes directly at the households for compositional analysis. The results showed that organic matter accounted for 62.31%, recyclable and reusable items such as plastic accounted for 19.61%, paper occupied 14.55%, glass took 1.16 %, accounted for 0.79%, cloth occupied 1.69% and foam took 0.74%. Hazardous waste only accounted for a small proportion (0.11%). The average rate of solid waste generation was 0.91 kg/household/day and the average waste generation rate per person was 0.22 kg/person/day. Currently, the management, collection and transportation of domestic solid wastes in the ward 7 has not been guaranteed, not yet effective, causing several environmental problems; open dumping is still commonly seen in the study area due to lack of sanitary landfills. Local authority should take proper measures to effectively manage solid wastes in Ward 7, Soc Trang City, Soc Trang province.

The impact of using theZingiber officinale extract in controlling the endogenous bacterial contamination of date palm during tissue cultures.

El-Dawayati Maiada M., Zayed Zeinab E., Farrag Hala M.

Endogenous bacterial infections are the most critical problem hampers date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) micropropagation cycle. This work aimed to evaluate the influence of the antibacterial property of ginger(Zingiber officinale) extract on suppressing the endogenous bacterial contamination of date palm tissuecultures, to avoid the continuous using of the ordinary chemical antibiotic. The prepared aqueous extract ofZingiberofficinaleat different concentrations (0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, or 10 ml/l), in comparison toantibiotic, Chloramphenicol or Tetracycline at 100 mg/l, studied onmultiplication media of Gondelah cultivar.The residual effect of all studied treatments also followed up on the rooting media. The results showed that the concentrations of ginger extract at 8 or 10 ml/l (without significant result between) came in the second rank follow the Tetracycline in inhibition the growth of the endogenous bacterial contamination of shoot clusters during the multiplication stage, but subsequently, their residual effect during the rooting stage recorded the highest significant results over the use of antibiotics in preventing bacterial growth in plantlets’ cultures. Ginger extract at 8 or 10 ml/l gave the highest significant results of the vegetative growth of shoot clusters explants on multiplication media, as well as, the highest values of plantlets vegetative growth during the rooting stage. So, using the ginger extract as an organic antibacterial source for controlling the endogenous bacterial problem of the date palmensures that cultures are controlled protective, well vegetative growth, and avoiding the disadvantages of the continuously using of ordinary antibiotics.

Preliminary evaluating the possible use of water-decanted sludge from seafood processing wastewater treatment to raise Peryonyx excavatus

Nguyen Thanh Giao

— The study was conducted to evaluate the possibility of using sludge from processing seafood after dehydration to grow earthworm (Peryonyx excavatus). The worms (purchased from the Xuan Nong worm farm) were raised with a density of 5,000 individuals in three plastic drums with dimensions of LxWxH of 60x42x18 cm. Plastic drums contain a layer of coconut fiber in the bottom and sludge layer above. At the bottom of the plastic drums there are several drainage holes with a diameter of 5mm which could let the water out but not the worms. Soil samples were collected before and after the experiment to analyze the parameters of temperature, pH, humidity, total nitrogen (Nt), total potassium (Kt), total phosphorus (Pt). The results showed that the sludge after raising earthworms has the nutrient components increased significantly. Nt increased from 0.7% to 3.32%, Pt from 0.675% to 3.381%, and Kt from 0.046% to 0.245% compared to input sludge. E. coli was not detected and coliform was reduced to a level that is safe for human health. The use of sludge from the wastewater treatment system of the seafood processing company for raising Peryonyx excavatusbrings benefits since it both brings an additional income, and converts sludge into organic fertilizer, contributing to solving environmental problem.

Surface Water Quality in Aquacultural Areas in an Giang Province, Vietnam

Nguyen Thanh Giao

This study was conducted to assess the impact of aquaculture with three fish cultivating models including net fence, cage and earth-pond to surface water quality, using water monitoring data from 2011 to 2019 provided by Department of Natural Resources and Environment, An Giang province, Vietnam. Water quality parameters included temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), total suspended solids (TSS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), nitrate (NO3¯-N), orthophosphate (PO43--P) and coliforms at 13 locations were evaluated followed the National Technical Regulation on surface water quality (QCVN 08-MT: 2015/BTNMT). Multivariate analysis methods comprising Cluster Analysis (CA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were used to group sampling locations according to pollution levels and to identify main water variables influencing on surface water quality. In the aquacultural areas, DO was low while TSS, BOD, PO43--P and coliform were high comparing to QCVN 08-MT: 2015/BTNMT. Among the three types of aquaculture, earth-pond culture resulted in more serious environmental pollution than cage and net fence. Five sources of pollution in the studied water bodies were identified using PCA in which temperature, pH, DO, TSS, BOD, NO3¯-N, PO43--P and coliforms could reflect the quality of water environment affected by aquaculture. CA finding suggested that the number of monitoring points could be reduced from 13 to 9 sampling locations, thus reducing monitoring cost. Future studies should focus on investigating sources of surface water pollution in the aquacultural areas.

Investment Analysis of Sunflower Farming and Prospects of Raising Household income in Iramba District, Tanzania

Proscovia Paschal Kamugisha, Amani Leonard, Sebastian Faustin Mhanga

Sunflower production has a potential toplay great role in poverty reduction in Tanzania. It grows well indry land like Iramba district where other crops cannotperform well. Despite this potential, poverty prevalence in Iramba district is still alarming as 52% ofIramba households are poor with an average earning of 85,125Tsh/month.This paper assessed the contribution of sunflower production towards reduction of income poverty in Iramba district byusing Gross Margin, Return on Investment (ROI) and poverty analysis methods. Stratified sampling technique was used to select 107 sunflower farmers for interviews. Focus Group Discussion and desk review of literature supplemented data collected through interviews. Findings of the study revealed that sunflower production achieved a gross profit margin of Tanzanian shillings 41,540.78/acre (18.71USD/acre) and a Return on Investment of 16% per acre. However, poverty analysis showed that the level of sunflower returns per acre had little contribution in terms of meeting the international poverty line. This is equivalent to only daily per-capita earnings of167.63Tsh (0.07USD) that is far below income poverty line of 4,009Tsh/day. It is therefore recommended thatlarge scale sunflower processors engage in sunflower farming through backward integration taking on board out grower schemes. The schemes will help smallholder farmers gain new knowledge on best farming practices to increase productivity and gain access to reliable market for their produce. Additionally,further research on comparison of costs and benefits for monoculture onfarm/onstation sunflower production trials byusing improved seeds should be conducted. The research should also investigatethe efficiency of mixed cropping patterns practiced by farmers to find out thecontribution of each crop in the farming systems towards income poverty alleviation.

Investigating the Effectiveness of Manual Drum Pulper on Genotypes of Robusta Coffee (Coffea canephora L.) for Seed Production

Baba Nitsa M., Adeleke S. A., Idrisu M.

Mortar and pestle has long being in used to de-pulp coffee cherries for planting either in small or in large scale farm. This method is very laborious, time consuming and is not devoid of seed damage. Therefore it becomes imperative to use mechanical pulper for both small and large scale seed production. Ripe coffee cherries were harvested during 2019 season from three different genotypes of Robusta coffee planted on the field. Two genotypes were selected from coffee germplasm and the third genotype was from agronomy plot all from cocoa research institute of Nigeria. The cherries were processed using both traditional method of de-pulping and manual drum pulper. Three operators were used to create different speed rate of 40, 75 and 90 rev/min. Equal quantity of cherries were fed into the pulper. The de-pulped coffee seeds were air dried, undamaged seed were selected for planting at pre-nursery. Data on seed emergence were collected periodically, twenty five days after sawing, forty days after sawing and sixty days after sawing. Data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using statistical analysis system (SAS) version 9.1. The result shows best percentage de-pulping efficiency (99.91), separation efficiency (98.87) and percentage beans damage (0.2) were achieved with the machine speed range between 40-75 rev/min. The percentage seed emergence of genotype T797 (66.67), FM (66.67) and T45 (64.44) were statistical similar irrespective of de-pulping method used. Better machine performance was observed on genotype T797. Genotype FM de-pulped with manual drum pulper gave least germination percentage; lowest machine performance was observed on genotype FM. Coffee seed production with minimal affection on seed emergence, could be achieved through use of manual drum pulper to reduce time and labour required using traditional de-pulping method.

Biofortification of wheat: Genetic and agronomic approaches and strategies to combat Iron and Zinc deficiency

This study delves into the comprehensive overview of different agronomic and genetic approaches of wheat biofortification to combat iron and zinc deficiency. Secondary source of data is used during the study of the subject. Micronutrient deficiencies, particularly those arising from zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe), pose serious human health problems for billions of people worldwide and millions of children, who predominantly depend upon cereals-based diet, suffer from malnutrition.Wheat, being a chief staple food crop for most of the under-developed countries, should be given emphasized to make it enriched with nutrients and minerals as in many cases, it constitutes a low level of nutritional elements. Most of the nutrients are lost during milling. Biofortification acts as the most promising and economic strategic option to effectively increase the micronutrients in the edible portion of the crop. Agronomic and Genetic biofortification are the two approaches; however, genetic engineering is getting more concern for researches. This uses the techniques to enhance the bioavailability of nutrients and reduce the anti-nutrient compounds. Although there are many technologies to increase nutrient contents, biofortification is assumed to be the most sustainable. Different strategies for wheat biofortification are assessed in this paper for overcoming challenges seen during the process. We discuss promising ways to enhance iron and zinc content in wheat, highlight global wheat production scenario and malnutrition status, and also key challenges are accentuated.

Use of McFarland Standards and Spectrophotometry for Yarrowia Lipolytica QU69 cell counting

Fernanda Arpini Souza, Vanessa Gomes da Silva, Thiago Bergler Bitencourt

New researches on microorganisms capable of synthesizing different carbon sources have been made to fulfill the growing use of biotechnology to obtain products with economic value and the search for reducing the environmental impact caused by inadequate waste disposal. The yeast Yarrowia lipolytica has stood out for its ability to grow in hydrophobic environments and has been used in bioconversion processes to produce various industrial products of interest. McFarland standards and Neubauer chamber are the two most common methodologies employed to count viable cells, but they were originally made to count bacterial cells and blood cells, furthermore, those methodologies can be quite subjective. In order to optimize yeast cell count for use in bioprocesses, McFarland standard associated with spectrophotometry was used to estimate the amount of strain Yarrowia lipolytica QU69 cells present in a suspension. It proved to be a reliable, accurate and reproducible method, and it could be applied in routine analysis and classroom experiments.

Development new rice varieties in the coastlines of Mekong Delta, Vietnam

To increase productivity and improve quality, new rice varieties need to be salinity tolerance and resistant to many kinds of insects, diseases, and high levels of nutrients, resistant to disadvantageous conditions, and promises to reduce using pesticides, chemical fertilizers. Great efforts have been focused on germplasm research to discover genes resistant to disease and insect, efficient in using salinity level with good grain quality and productivity. With the development of climate-resilient varieties, scaling up or dissemination of seeds is done by province, following the locality's is Winter-Spring (DongXuan Season) and Summer – ( Wet season ). For instance, in the case of Winter-Spring crop, the plan of Mekong delta is to expand some lines such as HATRI 190, HATRI 192, HATRI 170were developed that can yield4-5 tons ha-1 under salt stress of 10.0 to 12.0 dS m-1, and are being out-scaled. Normally, this expansion initiative requires inclusion of key rice varieties, that is, local or extra varieties and promising varieties, all of which will be included in the plan for developing the rice sector for each province.

Relationship between boreholes productivity and major fractures extracted from satellite images of katiola region

The hard rock systems of crystalline basement are now much more under consideration as they may actually constitute viable groundwater resources. The area of katiola is located in the North-Center part of Côte d’Ivoire and belongs to Paleoproterozoic domain, where fractures constitute preferential of flow and accumulation groundwater. This study aims to establish the relationship between the wells efficiency and the structural lineaments detected. The map of major fractures was carried using a 50 x 50 cm radar image processing. A total of 323 major fractures were carried out with a dominant direction N90-100. The flow map was surimposed to those of major fractures to show the relationship between the wells efficiency and the structural lineaments detected. Several boreholes with low flows (0 < Q < 2.5 m3/h) are not superimposed on the major structural lineaments detected and seem have to be implanted using simple geomorphological characteristics. Whoever, more of wells with high flow (Q ≥ 5 m3/h) are match and overlap with open and interconnected fractures. There is an influence of distance between boreholes and major accidents on the productivity of the works. This result show that fractures arrangement and interconnection degree take an important role in storage and conduct properties of hard rock systems in Katiola area. This approach may be used as an indirect mean of fracture network validation which can be used during the future drilling campaigns.

Evaluation and Participatory Selection of Promising Sweetpotato F1 Genotypes in Uganda

Godfrey Sseruwu, Mary Nanyanzi, George Kituuka, Agnes Alajo, Ian Benywanira

Most of the important sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam) traits are sensitive to environmental change. This necessitates evaluating new sweetpotato genotypes in different environments to identify those that are stable. To enhance adoption, the new sweetpotato genotypes should have farmer preferred traits thus the need for farmer involvement during selection. This study was conducted to: evaluate and select promising sweetpotato F1 genotypes with wide and specific adaptation, in association with performance for farmer preferred traits. Twenty-one promising sweetpotato F1 genotypes were evaluated at Namulonge, Serere and Kachwekano with Tanzania and NASPOT 1 as checks. The randomised complete block design with three replications was used. Scientists and farmers evaluated the agronomic performance and quality traits of the genotypes before and at harvest. Significantly (P

Entomopathogenic Nematodes against Insect Pests of Rice

Gitanjali Devi

Rice is one of the important staple crop in the world. Rice pests cause yield reduction as well as value of the crop. A number of insect pests that attack rice plants account for yield losses. In the rice agro ecosystems, many types of entomopathogens such as nematodes, fungi, bacteria, and viruses can reduce pest population. More emphasis should be placed on using an IPM approach where biological control with entomopathogens is also one of the main components. Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) as a safe alternative to the use of insecticides against insect pests in IPM of rice.

Effect of Probiotic Supplementation on Milk Yield in Lactating Holstein Fresien Cross Bred Cows

S.M. Soni, R.A. Patel

On farm trial was conducted on 20 lactating crossbred cows were randomly divided into two groups on the basis of milk yield (10 to 13 kg/day) and day of calving less than 60 days to see the effect of supplement probiotic on milk yield for continuous three year (2014 to 2017). Cross bred cows were fed concentrate, green and dry fodder and wheat straw in control groups and addition of 20 grams of Probiotic was given in treatment group. Experimental feeding was continued up to 90 days. The average milk production and fat percentage was significantly higher in treatment group. Milk production efficiency was also significantly higher in probiotic supplemented in comparison to control group. It was concluded that probiotic supplementation @ 20 gram per day per animal in cows significantly increase the milk production over the control group.

A Study on Growth and Performance of Dairy Sector in Nepal

Shuvam Shingh, Chandan Sah Kalwar, Sandesh Poudel, Priya Tiwari, Sitesh Jha

Dairy sector has been a vector in providing dairy products to the urban population and pull the urban capital into the rural areas. Dairy industries have been successful in creating a strong network between the dairy farmers and the consumers and have been established as a bridge between the urban and rural trade across the country. The entire dairy chain is dependent upon milk production. At present, Nepal contributes approximately 0.247% of the world's total milk production. Nepal's milk output is estimated to be 2.05 million metric tons. The per capita availability of milk in Nepal is around 158.9 grams per day, which is far below than the value recommended by World Health Organization (WHO). The current milk production should be raised by 4 percent so as to meet the WHO recommended minimum value of 250 gm per day per-capita milk consumption by the year2025.The dairy sector in Nepal is the most important sub sector in Nepalese livestock production. Almost 28% of the national GDP comes from the agriculture and livestock sector. However, the share of dairy sector in agricultural GDP of Nepal is 8% of the national GDP. Beside contributing to the GDP, the agriculture sector also provides employment to the two-thirds of the country’s population. The cooperative sector in Nepal has been in the emerging state and is playing an important role in socioeconomic development of millions of rural families.

Phytoremediation: A way towards sustainable Agriculture

Pushpikka Udawat, Jogendra Singh

Phytoremediation means utilizing the potential of a variety of plants to remediate soil, sludge, sediment and water (surface water and underground aquifers) contaminated with heavy metals at the point or non-point sources. Phytoremediation is solar energy-driven technology, eco-friendly and a cost-effective way of making soil and water pollutants free. It is a process of onsite remediation by using different biological processes of plants. Phytoremediation is known widely by different terms viz., green-remediation, botanic-remediation, agro-remediation, and vegetative-remediation, etc. Pollutants occur in different forms, like organic, inorganic, metallic and non-metallic, etc. Plants can be utilized for phytoremediation of heavy metal polluted soil and water resources. This review gives current understanding of the mechanism of heavy metal remediation by different plant species, therefore encouraging research and development in this area. Phytoremediation further needs a profound understanding of the underlying mechanism and requires pilot level as well as field level studies.

Production and Marketing of Ginger: A Case Study in Salyan District, Nepal

Shristi Upadhyaya, Raj Kumar Adhikari, Lila B. Karki, O.P. Singh

Ginger is an important spice crop grown in the mid-hills of Nepal for cash income. 60 ginger producers were sampled using a simple random sampling technique. Primary data collection was done via questionnaire survey as well as via focus group discussion (FGD), key informant interview (KII) and rapid market appraisal (RMA). The collected data was analyzed using MS Excel and SPSS. Average area under ginger cultivation was 0.13 ha. Average cost of production and the productivity of ginger was NRs. 4,20,000/ha and 14.44 ton/ha respectively. The average selling price of fresh ginger was NRs. 29.34 whereas average selling price of dried ginger was NRs. 201.42. The Benefit Cost ratio of ginger production in the study area was 1.53. The major production related problem could be solved by making consulting services and input supplies more reliable and readily available. Development of the market information system may help in decreasing the dependency of farmers on middlemen. Establishment of farmer-run collection and processing centers in strategic levels could be a sustainable way to address various problems related to marketing of ginger in the study area.

Aquaponics: prospects and challenges in Nepal

Bidika Subedi, Manita Paudel

Aquaponics is the integration of recirculating aquaculture and hydroponics in one production system. Nepal as an agricultural country has a higher prospect of this system. As the demand for fish and healthy vegetables and fruits are increasing in Nepalese market, aquaponics can be flourished as an alternative way for the optimum utilization of resources. With the increasing population, urbanization and industrialization, the land has been scarce for agriculture which leads to the higher scope of aquaponics to enhance the food security. Aquaponics is the sustainable, eco-friendly and intensive farming system that enhances the domestic food production or pre-urban and urban food security. Besides all the benefits, there are various challenges that limit the adoption of aquaponics system in Nepal. The major challenge is the high initial cost and requirement of adequate technical knowledge to maintain the balance of this system. The others are the lack of government policies and priority, lack of proper marketing for perishable products, load shedding etc. Hence, the government should give priority to the aquaponics system for the enhancement of food production in Nepal.

Generation Means Analysis of three Seeds antinutrients in Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.)

High cost of conventional feed ingredients has force many poultry farms to ford-up therefore call more researches in the use alternative feedstuffs which rubber seed meal is one. This experiment was therefore carried out to evaluate the growth performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens fed processed rubber seed meal (RSM) based diets in a six weeks straight feeding trial in completely randomized design with two by four factorial arrangement i.e. two processing methods (roasted rubber seed meal and` Hot water soaked sample and four equi-protein replacement of soybean meal levels (0, 15, 25 and 35% levels). The results revealed that the final weight (2150.00-2243.07g), weight gained (2106.00-2213.60g), daily weight gained (50.14-52.01g) average feed intake (101.89 -108.46), average feed consumed (4177.67- 4447.00g) and feed conversion ratio (1.91-2.10) were not significantly (p ≥ 0.05) affected by dietary treatments. The dressed and eviscerated weights of broilers fed HRSM based treatment were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher than those that fed RRSM based treatment. Level interaction, treatment contrast and treatment and level interactions did not showed any significant (p ≥ 0.05) variation in all parameters measured suggesting rubber seed meal as suitable replacement of soybean meal in broilers chickens ration.

Volume 5 Number 4 (July 2020)

Analysis of the Development of the Export Seaweed Processing Industry in South Sulawesi

Hydroponicâ€” The Future of Farming

Biosugar Production from Kappaphycus alvarezii by Hydrolysis Method Using Fungi Trichoderma harzianum

Effects of Climate Change Adaptation Strategies on Technical Efficiency of Poultry Production in Benue State, Nigeria

An Analysis of Value-Added of Seaweed Products as An Efforts to Improve Public Welfare in Bantaeng District

Consumption and Effect of Artificial Sweeteners and Artificially Sweetened Products on Lebanese Population

Bacteriological and Physicochemical quality of Borehole water used for drinking at Olusegun Agagu University of Science and Technology, Okitipupa, Nigeria

Effect of Fertigation Levels and Different Spacings on Yield and Yield Attributes of Bell Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.var.grossum sendt.) in Polyhouse condition

Impact of cluster frontline demonstration programme on the yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum l.) in Mehsana district of Gujarat, India

Effect of Different Planting Time on Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus (TYLCV) of Tomato and Its Impact on Yield in Bangladesh

Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE) in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seedlings in response to treatment with extract of Cymbopogon citratus and mineralization of Tithonia diversifolia leaves and cow dung

Potential Health Risk Assessment for the Occurrence of Heavy Metals in Rice field Influenced by Landfill Activity in Can Tho City, Vietnam

Shoot induction using Benzyl Adenine in three accessions of patchouli plant (Pogostemon cablin Benth) from West Pasaman

Optimization of Milk Performance and Quality in Dairy Farms by using a Quarter individual Milking System â€œMultiLactorâ€

Water intake and excretion of growing she-camels in relation to the type of roughage fed and concentrate

Molecular Identification of Phytophagous Scarabaeid from different regions of India

Assessment of the current status of pesticide use in triple-rice crops in Hoa Long commune, Lai Vung district, Dong Thap province, Vietnam

Solid Waste Composition and Management in Phu Huu Eco-Tourism Area, Hau Giang Province, Vietnam

Touchdown treatment of root trainer shortened the formation time of root mass of rubber tree seedlings

Effects of Dehaulming in Potato (Solanum tuberosum) Cultivation: A Review

Fall armyworm: Menace to Nepalese farming and the integrated management approaches

Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) Production, Processing Facilities and Quality Assessment in Kafubulum Chiefdom, Sierra Leone

Preliminary Survey of Composition, Generation and Management of Solid Wastes in Ward 7, Soc Trang City, Soc Trang, Vietnam

The impact of using theZingiber officinale extract in controlling the endogenous bacterial contamination of date palm during tissue cultures.

Preliminary evaluating the possible use of water-decanted sludge from seafood processing wastewater treatment to raise Peryonyx excavatus

Surface Water Quality in Aquacultural Areas in an Giang Province, Vietnam

Investment Analysis of Sunflower Farming and Prospects of Raising Household income in Iramba District, Tanzania

Investigating the Effectiveness of Manual Drum Pulper on Genotypes of Robusta Coffee (Coffea canephora L.) for Seed Production

Biofortification of wheat: Genetic and agronomic approaches and strategies to combat Iron and Zinc deficiency

Use of McFarland Standards and Spectrophotometry for Yarrowia Lipolytica QU69 cell counting

Development new rice varieties in the coastlines of Mekong Delta, Vietnam

Relationship between boreholes productivity and major fractures extracted from satellite images of katiola region

Evaluation and Participatory Selection of Promising Sweetpotato F1 Genotypes in Uganda

Entomopathogenic Nematodes against Insect Pests of Rice

Effect of Probiotic Supplementation on Milk Yield in Lactating Holstein Fresien Cross Bred Cows

A Study on Growth and Performance of Dairy Sector in Nepal

Phytoremediation: A way towards sustainable Agriculture

Production and Marketing of Ginger: A Case Study in Salyan District, Nepal

Aquaponics: prospects and challenges in Nepal

Generation Means Analysis of three Seeds antinutrients in Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.)

Optimization of Milk Performance and Quality in Dairy Farms by using a Quarter individual Milking System â€œMultiLactorâ€