Volume 6 Number 5 (September 2021)

Status of Solid Wastes and its Management in the Coastal Environments of Sri Lanka

LY Hitige, TMWRMB Samarakoon

The study was conducted to evaluate the status of solid wastes and waste management in the coastal environments of Sri Lanka. Fifteen coastal environments of Sri Lanka were selected as the sampling locations for the study. The research methodology comprised analyzing the types of solid wastes and the composition of each type of solid wastes in a unit area. The sources of solid wastes governing marine litter were identified. In addition, interviews were conducted with individuals in each sampling location and with five major organizations related to the coastal environment of Sri Lanka, to investigate the solid waste management methods existing in the coastal zone and their effectiveness. The study revealed that there was an average of 4.2 kg and 50 pieces of debris per a square meter of beach. The results of the study presented that tourist beaches away from the town limits show the highest density of solid wastes and coastal environments in river mouths show the next highest. Plastic was identified as the dominant material governing marine litter in coastal environments. The interviews indicated that the lack of infrastructure facilities in the country, inappropriate and illegal waste dumping, absence of proper waste management systems, and less awareness on this issue governs the accumulation of solid wastes in the coastal environments and end up as marine litter. The study concludes that there is a need for utilizing proper waste management in the coastal environments with the effective use of available infrastructure facilities. At the same time, the need of promoting plastic recycling and acknowledging the community regarding the impact of solid wastes on marine litter is much needed. The study introduces a mobile application as a communication application to enhance the effective waste management of solid wastes with the available facilities and to motivate the community to save the coastal ecosystems of Sri Lanka.

Growth and Yield Response of Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas) to Organic and Inorganic Fertilizer on Degraded Soil of Southern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria

Asa Adedoyin Ayobami, Ezelobe Courage Afegheze, Ajisola Judge K.

The problem of soil fertility makes it difficult for some crops to attain higher yields; especially crops like sweet potato that our traditional peasant farmers believed that it does not require the application of fertilizer. Therefore, experiments were conducted during the rainy season of 2018 and 2019 titled “Growth and Yield Response of Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas) to Organic and Inorganic Fertilizer on Degraded Soil of Southern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria” to determine the optimal levels of both organic and inorganic fertilizer for sustainable sweet potato production. The treatments consisted of three levels of NPK fertilizer (0, 50 and 100 kg ha-1); three rates of poultry manure (0, 5 and 10 t ha-1). A factorial experiment laid in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) and replicated three times. The result showed NPK fertilizer applied at the rate of 100kg ha-1 produced the highest number of leaves/plant (178, 233); number of branches/plant (10.45, 11.98); and vine length/plant (245.43cm, 258.79cm) in both 2018 and 2019 cropping season respectively. Also, poultry manure at 10t ha-1 produced the highest number of leaves/pant (221, 242); number of branches/plant (11.24, 13.25); and vine length (252.45cm, 275.54cm) in both years of cropping respectively. Application of 100kg ha-1 of NPK fertilizer produced the highest tuber weight of 21.12 and 22.72t ha-1, in both 2018 and 2019 cropping seasons respectively compared with the other rates of fertilizer application and the control. Also, Poultry manure at the rate of 10 t ha-1 produced the highest total weight of 21.32 and 24.19t ha-1 of sweet potato in both 2018 and 2019 cropping seasons respectively compared with the other rate of fertilizer application. Interaction between NPK fertilizer and poultry manure show a significant (p

The Planting Media Management on Vegetative Growth of Cassava (Manihotesculentacrantz)

Rosmalina Sinaga, Rolan Siregar

The Media Management of Cassava (Manihotesculentacrantz), this research aims to increase the vegetative growth component of cassava clone L-18 SMEs. This research was carried out at an altitude of ± 50 m above sea level, on andosol of pH 5.20. Using Factorial Randomized Block Design (RFBD) as the environmental design with two factors, namely the first factor: tillage treatment with 3 levels: P0 = No tillage, P1 = Minimum tillage, P2 = Perfect tillage and the second factor was the treatment of compost organic matter with 4 levels: B0 = No organic matter (control), B1 = compost organic matter 5 tons/ha, B2 = compost organic matter 10 tons/ha and B3 = compost organic matter 15 tons/ha.The response variables observed and measured were increase in plant height (cm), increase in stem diameter (mm), number of leaf additions (strands), leaf stalk length (cm). The results shows that the management of planting media combined with minimal tillage with the application of 6.02-7.10 tons/ha of organic has a significant effect on the increase of plant height (cm), and the number of leaves (strands). The management of growing media without tillage with the addition of 7.94 tons/ha of organic has a significant effect on the increase of stem diameter (mm), and the addition of 15 tons/ha of organic significantly affected the increase in the number of leaves (strands) and petiole length (cm).

Medicinal plant: Garcinia spp.

Gitanjali Devi

Garcinia is a tropical fruit tree with promising pharmacological properties. This review presents an overview of the bioactive compounds derivative from Garcinia fruits and their biological activities for promoting human health as food and medicine.

The Effect of Some Verbascum Plant Extracts on Cytoplasmic Membrane of Multidrug Resistant Bacteria by Flow Cytometry

Yener Tekeli, Elif Esra Altuner, Hatice Danahaliloglu, Tuba Tekeli, Yelda Guzel

Verbascum species have been the focus of antioxidant and antimicrobial studies thanks to their secondary metabolites, especially saponins. While disk diffusion and dilution methods are generally used within the scope of antimicrobial studies, the Flow cytometry method is not well known. The ability of six Verbascum species to increase the permeability of multidrug resistant bacterial cells was conducted by flow cytometric assay on Listeria innocua and Escherichia coli. Fluorescence based flow cytometry is a technique for measuring characteristics of cells or biological particles and using flourescent dye as fluorogenic substrate provides. Propidium iodide (PI) is a fluorescent molecule and it can be used to stain cells. The SYTO dyes can be used to stain nucleic acids in both live and dead cells, as well as in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

Effect of Ulva lactuca L. Seaweed Biostimulant on Seed germination, Growth, and some Biochemical properties of Vigna radiata L.

Megha Pandya, Shailesh Mehta

The effect of green marine biostimulant Ulva lactuca evaluated as Biofertilizer to improve growth of Vigna radiata L. Seeds waspresoaked with different concentration seaweed extract of Ulva lactuca such as 0.2%, 0.5%, 0.7%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0% and control (without treatment) in different time period such as 0h, 1h, 2h, 3h, 4h, 5h, 6h, 12h and 24h. In Petri dish, after 5 days plant growth parameter like % seed germination, root length, shoot length, seedling length, seed vigour index, seed stamina index, No. of lateral roots, wet weight, dry weight, % moisture contentwere observed. After 40, 50 and 60 days some growth parameter like No. of branches per plant, No. of leaves per plant, total height of the plant, No. of flower per plant, No. of pod per plant, length of the pod, No. of seed per pod and leaf area were observed in field trial. In this study, after 50 days Bio-chemical parameter of chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b and total chlorophyll, carotenoid, protein, total soluble sugar and reducing sugar measured in plant material. Better result of plant growth observed in higher concentration such as 1.5% & 2.0% of seaweed extract of U. lactuca in Vigna radiata L. and bio-chemical parameter observed in lower concentration such as 0.2% and 0.7%of seaweed extract, respectively. Some biochemical parameter like protein,reducing sugar and carotenoid were decrease the amount of concentration compared to control.

Development Potential of Beef Cattle under the Coconut Trees in East Bolangitang District Regency of North Bolaang Mongondow

Farmers in East Bolangitang District were trying to increase beef cattle population as a source of their income, but the problem was the lack of feed caused by cattle being cultivated on agricultural land. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential for land development under coconut trees for forage. The research method used was a survey method, with the determination of the location was by purposive sampling, namely three villages that have the largest cattle population. The data collected was primary and secondary data with the type of data was cross section and time series. Respondents were determined by purposive sampling, namely 40 farmers who use land under coconut. Analysis of the data used descriptive analysis. Coconut area was 0.2-2 Ha or the average was 0.94 Ha. 35 percent ownership status by farmers and 65 percent farmers as tenants. Beef cattle ownership was 148 or 2-6 cattle per farmer. Feed consumption per head per day consisted of 6.21 kg of grass, 10.40 kg of corn waste and 6.26 kg of rice waste. Forage production for 0.94 Ha can be utilized by 8.83 ST. In conclusion, coconut land in the study area has the potential to be used as a forage development. Need for socialization for farmers to introduce quality forage.

Impact of agricultural supervision on the performance of cotton producers in the north of CÃ´te d'Ivoire

Nanfouhoro Paul-KÃ©vin Ouattara, Sinan Adaman, SoumaÃ¯la Traore

The cotton sector in Côte d'Ivoire has long been under state control, through state structures and companies. But, faced with numerous macroeconomic imbalances, the government had to engage in sector reforms in the early 1990s. Despite its reforms, the supervision of producers is encountering difficulties. The objective of this article is to know the structuring of agricultural supervision by identifying the role, activities, actors as well as the constraints faced by both agricultural advisers and producers of Korhogo. This is a joint study carried out in the villages of Bafimé, Dassoungbo and Dassounblé as well as at the General Directorate of the Ivorian Cotton Company (COIC). 68 individuals made up of cotton producers, Agricultural Advisers and officers of the Directorate were interviewed. It emerges that the slowness of the structuring of the supervision leads to dysfunctions in the supervision process of the Ivorian cotton company. Local knowledge is a limiting factor in the application of the practices advocated for Agricultural Advisors. Finally, the lack of human and material resources explains the ineffectiveness of the support actions of cotton producers.

Reconstruction of the phylogeny of Anopheles sp. Based on the Cytochrome Oxidase Sub Unit 1 (CO1) gene in the Minahasa Peninsula, North Sulawesi

Indonesia is a country with the highest malaria cases in the world. North Sulawesi is known as one of the malaria endemic areas in Indonesia. Malaria can only be transmitted through the bite of the Anopheles sp. Thus, the high case of malaria infection in an area is linear with the high population of Anopheles sp. The identification method to the species level that has high accuracy is by molecular identification using the cytochrome oxidase sub unit 1 (CO1) gene. Based on the CO1 gene, the mitochondrial DNA of Anopheles sp from Tombatu was 92% similar to Anopheles maculatus [KT382822.1] from China. Anopheles sp from Ratahan based on the CO1 gene has a similarity level of 80% with Anopheles barbirostris [KM610029.1] from China. Anopheles sp from Pineleng has a 77% similarity with Anopheles aquasalis [AF417697.1] from Brazil. The CO1 gene sequences of Anopheles sp from Southeast Minahasa (Tombatu and Ratahan), and Anopheles sp from Minahasa (Pineleng) had a nitrogen base size difference of more than 6%. Thus, the variation of the Anopheles sp CO1 gene is relatively high compared to similar sequences that have been recorded on the NCBI gene bank site.

Green Logistics and Alternative Methods: A Review

Dr. Hulya Cagiran Kendirli, Omer Faruk Biyik, Sadi Arli

When logistics activities are evaluated, it creates awareness on consumers. The understanding of sustainability, which has developed and grown in recent years, has brought important developments in logistics applications. These developments have found a place in the understanding of the green logistics approach. With this understanding, it has found a place in the methods and practices of logistics. With this understanding, it has developed the organizational structures of logistics. In this understanding, the aim is not to harm the environment. On the other hand, rationalizing high energy costs is considered within this scope. Sustainability policies, which have become more important in the recent period, also show their effect in logistics applications. This also aims to give companies a competitive advantage. In this context, sustainability studies on social, ecological and economic issues have highlighted the “green logistics” approach. In addition to the developing retail sector, companies in this sector are trying to implement green logistics practices within the scope of trend logistics activities in order to stay in the market. In this study, the environmental impact of the measures taken by the companies in the field of green logistics practices and different sales strategies were examined. In this context, the effects of energy on the usage areas are evaluated and green logistics applications are discussed. In addition, a common framework was created by examining the success rates of green logistics applications. In this context, the scope of green logistics and its basic applications, followed by alternative green logistics applications are listed.

Analysis of Productivity of Purse Seine Catch Fisheries in Tpi Lonrae, Bone Regency of South Sulawesi

The purpose of this study was to analyze the productivity level of purse seine in Bone Regency, South Sulawesi. The study was conducted from August to November 2020. The method used is Quantitative Descriptive by using questionnaire tools. The method used is the Random Sampling method with the number of 10 fishermen. The data analysis used is the total production of handlers by summing the catches per season in one year. The results showed that the productivity of purse seine fishery products was quite profitable with an average receipt of Rp. 2,690,038,750 per year. Explained that the total revenue in 1 year of fishermen purse seine in TPI Lonrae amounted to Rp. 2,690,038,750 the largest income was in the eastern season of Rp. 1,561,146,340.00 while the smallest income was in the western season of Rp. 323,830,295.00. This difference in income is caused by the difference in sea trip thus resulting in a difference in the number of catches and the amount of operational costs incurred.

Income Contribution of the Fisherman wife Fishing Business Nike (Ophieleotris Aporos) Lake Tondano in increasing Household Income in Kaima Village, Remboken District, Minahasa Regency

Jeannette F. Pangemanan, Diane J. Kusen, Olvie V. Kotambunan

The contribution of the wife of a nike fisherman (Ophioletris aporos) is triggered by increased household needs, while the husband's income as a nike fisherman (O. aporos), seems to be inseparable from the inadequacy. This is also experienced by Nike fishermen in the Lake Tondano area in general and in Kaima Village in particular. Their low income requires the wife to contribute in meeting household needs.The purpose of this research is to find out and learn what are the contributions of the wife of the nike fisherman (O. aporos) in Kaima Village, Remboken District, Minahasa Regency. and knowing how much the wife of the nike (O. aporos) fisherman contributes to improving the welfare and quality of life of the Nike (O. aporos) fisherman's household, so it is necessary to realize effective management as a way of sustaining their life.The method used in this research is purposive sampling, data sources are primary and secondary data, data analysis using qualitative descriptive analysis and qualitative descriptive analysis.The results of this study are the wives of fishermen who catch Nike Lake Tondano in Kaima Village, Remboken District, have a high contribution to the household economy. The contribution given by the wife of a fisherman who catches Nike Lake Tondano in Kaima Village, Remboken District is 50.7%.

Effect of Intra Row Spacing on the Growth and Yield of Maize (Zea Mays L.) Varieties in Southern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria

Ekwere Uwem Akpan; Ezelobe Courage Afegheze; Durkwah Godiya Young

This study was carried out at the Research Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Abuja on latitude 6°45’ and 7°39’ East and Longitude 8°25’ and 9°20’ North in the Southern Guinea Savanna Zone of Nigeria, during the cropping season of 2018 to evaluate the effects of intra-row spacing on growth and yield of maize varieties. Two hybrid maize varieties Dekalb920 and Dekalb 818 sourced from National Seed Council of Nigeria were evaluated under six different intra-row spacing’s of 14cm, 18,21,25,30,and 37cm, with gross plot of 15m and net plot 0f 9m for such Parameters as plant height, number of leaves, leaf area/index, stem diameter and grain yield. It was a factorial combination experiment laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates. The results obtained during the 12th week after sowing indicated that hybrid variety Dekalb920 which had mean plant height of 273.06cm, number of leaves of 16, leaf area of 734cm2 and grain yield of 8,0t/ha among other parameters was superior to Dekalb818 variety investigated. With respect to intra-row spacing, plants sown on 14 cm had higher mean plant height and number of leaves of 287.7 cm and 16, respectively while plants sown on intra-row spacing of 37 cm had mean plant height of 251.7 cm2 and number of leaves up to 15 respectively. Therefore, it can be concluded that optimum intra row spacing and Varietal difference combination in the study area for the maximum grain yield was 25 cm and 14cm for Dekalb 920 variety under adequate amount and regular distribution of rainfall. Results showed that variety and spacing were significantly (P

Nano remediation of Hormonal Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals from Water by Acalypha indica Silver Nanoparticles

Pavani K. Gonnabathula, Momoh A. Yakubu

Endocrine disrupting chemicals are natural or synthetic hormones and can be derived from plastics and pharmaceuticals. They have been found in trace amounts (ppt to ppb) in our water supplies and treated wastewater. They are therefore difficult to remove. We have synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNP’s) using Acalypha indica (A. indica) leaf extracts and used it to treat water samples spiked with hormones to determine efficiency of removal. AgNP’s were synthesized and characterized by UV-Vis spectrophotometer, Zetasizer for particle size and zeta potential. To investigate the effects of the AgNP’s on the removal of hormonal compounds from water, deionized water was spiked with 6 selected hormones, incubated with synthesized AgNP’s and agitation overnight. The effects AgNP’s on removal of the hormones was determined by HPLC UV-Vis. Results indicated that the AgNP’s synthesized showed absorption spectrum at about 400 nm, confirming formation of AgNP’s. The average size and zeta potential analyzed by dynamic light scattering techniques showed the sized to be 132.6 nm and the Zeta potential as -ve 61.8mV suggesting higher stability of AgNP’s. Nano remediation resulted in changes in peak areas of HPLC chromatograms. Among the selected hormonal compounds, there is a huge reduction of peak areas in the 1 and 5 ppm Diethylstilbestrol (Rt =10.6) by 36.68% and 15.46%; D Norgestrel (Rt = 11.6) by 7.97% and 27.95%; 19 Norethindrone (Rt = 8.5) by 10.17% and 0.64%; respectively. There was peak reduction observed for 5 ppm of 17 Alpha ethynyl estradiol (Rt = 8.6) by 2.33%, 1 ppm Beta Estradiol (Rt= 7.6) by 10.35 % and Estrone (Rt= 9.4) by 6.47 %. Results indicate that we successfully synthesized AgNP’s and demonstrated nano remediation of hormonal compounds from water. This is a novel effort that need further investigation for broader application in water treatment processes and possible scale up production A. indica AgNP’s.

Supply Chain Analysis of Small Industry Smoke Roa Fish processing in Kinabuhutan Village, West Likupang District North Minahasa Regency

Siti Suhaeni, Srie J. Sondakh, Swenekhe S. Durand

Distribution is an integral part of the supply chain of a product. The role of distribution greatly determines the distribution of a product to reach consumers. An efficient process is needed that can ensure that the product reaches consumers widely and at the lowest possible cost. A business should have an efficient distribution channel, so that the business can dominate the market. The purpose of this study was to determine the system of cooperation between roa fishing fishermen and smoked roa fish processors in Kinabuhutan Village and to determine the amount of marketing efficiency at each raw material supply node in Kinabuhutan Village. The population in this study were roa fishers, fish processors, middlemen and retailers. Data were collected using purposive sampling. The data collected in the form of primary data and secondary data. Primary data collection techniques with observation and interviews. The data obtained were analyzed using quantitative descriptive analysis and qualitative descriptive analysis. Based on the results of the study, there are five main components or actors in supply chain analysis, namely fishermen, smoked roa fish processors, middlemen, retailers and final consumers. In addition, there are 3 types of flow in the supply chain, namely product flow, financial flow and information flow. The flow of smoked roa fish products flows from upstream to downstream or from fishermen to final consumers. Meanwhile, financial flows flow from downstream (downstream) to upstream (upstream) or from consumers to fishermen and the flow of information is a flow that flows from two directions, namely from upstream to downstream (downstream) or from fishermen to consumers and from downstream. (downstream) to upstream (upstream) or from consumers to fishermen. From the results of the analysis, it is also known that the marketing of smoked roa fish products is very efficient because all nodes have an efficiency value < 1, but the most efficient is at the fishermen's node because the value is equal to 0.

In-Vitro Efficacy of Commercial Fungicides against Bipolaris Sorokiniana: Induced Spot Blotch Disease of Wheat

Sanskriti Acharya

Spot blotch caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana is an important disease of wheat. A laboratory experiment was conducted at Plant Pathology Division, Nepal Agriculture Research Council, Khumaltar, Nepal to evaluate the efficacy of commercially available fungicides viz, Saaf ( Carbendazim 12%+ Mancozeb63%), Sectin (Fenamidone 10%+ Mancozeb 50%), Angel (Metalaxyl 8%+ Mancozeb 64%), Diathane M-45 (Mancozeb 75%), G-MIL( Cymoxanil 8%+ Mancozeb 64%) tested in two different concentration i.e. 50ppm and 100 ppm except Curex (Copper oxychloride 50%) tested in the concentration of 100ppm and 200ppm and Tilt (propiconazole 25%) tested in 15ppm and 30 ppm concentration with a control test by employing poisoned food technique against spot blotch pathogen of wheat Bipolaris sorokiniana. The experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The result revealed that all concentrations of different fungicides successfully inhibited the radial mycelial growth of the pathogen under in vitro condition. Based on the measurement of fungal radial growth, fungicide Tilt of 30ppm and 15 ppm concentration were the most effective followed by Sectin 100ppm, Diathane M-45 100ppm, Angel 100 ppm and Saaf 100ppm. G-MIL 50 ppm in poisoned food technique was the least effective. Use of safer and economical chemical fungicides can provide an effective and long-term solution against plant diseases in agricultural farming.

Effects of cooking process on the level of heavy metal accumulation in vegetables: Literature review

Atikarn Phrukphicharn, Sasiwan Sripanyaphol, Tanasade Kanisornmongkolchai

People, nowadays, consume vegetables, fruits and herbs contaminating such heavy metals either from polluted air or water sources without awareness on a daily basis. However, some vegetables are regularly consumed after going through the cooking process, while some are eaten freshly. This paper, therefore, gathers information regarding whether cooking methods are able to lower the level of heavy metal in food or not, focusing on vegetables. Finally, It could be concluded that different cooking methods have widely different effects on heavy metal concentration. In other words, some processes potentially minimize certain types of metal, while others may be unable. According to the studies, water is claimed to enhance the reduction of toxic substances concentration through the evaporation, therefore, boiling usually lowers some metal levels, though the change in such levels are not considerable and frequently not that adequate to be healthy. Moreover, there are other ways to eliminate such heavy metals directly in plants, namely flushing, and using DTPA, chemical substances which both are claimed to be potential methods.

Typology and structural characteristics of the woody population of oasian basins in south-eastern Niger

The present study aims to characterize the typology of woody stands in oasis basins in the Gouré department: the case of Balla, Kilakina and Tchago. In these oasian basins, 75 survey plots of 50x50m² were carried out in order to collect informations about le floral of the area and its dendrometric characteristics. The woody stand of the basins contains a total of 26 woody species divided into 23 genera and 16 different families. The most represented families are: Mimosaceae (7 species or 26%), Arecaceae (2 species or 7.79%), Asclepiadaceae (2 species or 7.79%), Anacardiaceae (2 species or 7.79%) and Myrtaceae (2 species or 7.79%).The characterization of the woody stand of the oasis basins of Gouré according to the importance value index showed that Hyphaene thebaica (L.) Mart has the highest contribution (852.7 points), and Adansonia digitata L., the least (59.28 points). Three plant groups were identified based on the ascending hierarchical classification from 15% similarity and the dendrometric structure of each group was established. The later defined a positive asymmetric distribution characterizing the dominance of young individuals. Based on the above results, the diversity of the oasian basins is high. Nevertheless, this biodiversity is exposed to severe climatic conditions and anthropogenic pressure, which makes its vulnerability. In this circumstance, our study remains as a tool for better management and exploitation of this woody stand.

Willingness to pay for Pesticide-Safe Vegetables in Nepal

Demand for pesticide-safe vegetables in affordable price is increasing because of consumers' consciousness for their health. The objective of this study was to assess the consumers' willingness to pay for pesticide-safe vegetables in Nepal. A sample of 720 respondents, surveyed at four major markets in Nepal, analysed by Choice Base Conjoint method. The result showed that price was prioritized in majority of consumers in Pokhara, Chitwan and Butwal; and production method was prioritized in majority of consumers in Kathmandu. There was significantly negative preference to price in all markets and in all consumer segments. Almost all consumer segments in all markets had significantly positive preference for labelled products. Products produced under conventional systems were disliked by consumers, irrespective of market. Majority of consumers were willing to pay for switching to higher quality food-safety levels from low quality food safety levels. Therefore, the study concludes that there is a strong potential for establishing spacility market for pesticide-safe vegetables in Nepal.

Effect of Concentration of Sargassum polycystum and Fermentation Time on thickness and Yield of Nata de Sargassum

Dewi Utami, Kasmiati, Metusalach

Sargassum polycystum is one type of brown seaweeds that is abundant in Indonesian waters, including in Bone Bay, South Sulawesi. S. polycystum is an underutilized species and considered by coastal communities as trash that polluting the sea. Nevertheless, it contains carbohydrates which are essential in the nata making process. This research aimed to determine the concentration of S. polycystum and the fermentation time that produce the best thickness and yield of nata de sargassum. Th research was conducted at the laboratory of Fisheries High School (SUPM) Bone, South Sulawesi. Sample of S.polycyctum was collected from Tanjung Palette’s water, Bone Bay. A completely randomized factorial design was used with 2 factors,namely concentration of S.polycystum and fermentation time, ang each factor consisted of four levels. The concentrations used were 2, 3, 4 and 5% (w/v) and the fermentation time were 7, 10, 13 and 16 days. Each treatment was carried out in three replicates. Results showed that the concentration of S. polycystum and fermentation time imparted a significant effect (p