http://ijeab.com/ Open Access international Journal to publish research paper en-us April 2022 The purpose of this study is to analyze the level of exploitation of cakalang fish in the Flores Sea of South Sulawesi. This study will be conducted in September - December 2021, keeping in mind the Covid-19 health protocol. The research method used is the survey method. The sampling method used is the method of taking the effort of the sample capture unit is done random sampling. The data analysis used is the estimation of biological parameters and maximum sustainable yield. The results showed that the condition of the maximum sustainable sustainable potential value in the Flores Sea has not been indicated to experience over fishing with an effort value of 2,215.11 units / year, a yield of 621,343.85 tons / year and Biomass of 306,574.77 tons / year http://ijeab.com/detail/analysis-of-the-ecstasy-rate-of-cakalang-fish-katsuwonus-pelamis-in-the-flores-sea-of-south-sulawesi/ Muhammad Aldair Mukstofa Carda, Aris Baso, Hamzah Tahang http://ijeab.com/upload_document/issue_files/1IJEAB-10320223-Analysis.pdf The Water crisis is a major problem now a day. To solve this problem, there are various methods of water conservation such as rainwater harvesting or water reuse. Grey water treatment is also an option for water conservation. Grey water is the untreated household wastewater that has not come into contact with sewage (WHO -ROEM2006). In this study we have used various flocculating agents like alum, PAC, lime, chitosan, alum+ lime, fuller earth, ferric chloride, ferrous sulfate, PAM, Micro+, soya bean, alum+ soya bean etc. and the one thatgave the most significant results were used for further study. Among the flocculating agents used, alum + soybean powder gave promising results. So this flocculating agent and coagulating aid were used for further experiment. We prepared biochar using groundnut husks which is a waste material and activated it using zinc chloride. We prepared a unit which consisted of a column packed with sand, gravel, activated biochar and vetiver roots. We passed the supernatant obtained after flocculation through this unit at flow rate 5L/hr. The effluent water was disinfected using Medichlor. Using this unit the turbidity was decreased to 0.08 NTU, pH was 6.3, TSS was nil, and TDS reduced upto 75%. The microbial load (bacteria, fungi, coliforms, Thermotolerents), MPN test was also found to be negative. The unit which we have prepared was ecofriendly and economically affordable. This treatment system can be used in the new constructions, bungalows, societies etc. The treated water can be used for various purposes such as gardening, car washing, toilet flushing, road construction, irrigation etc. http://ijeab.com/detail/purification-of-grey-water-using-the-natural-method/ Snehal Joshi, Priti Palande, Dr. Suneeti Gore, Ms. Anuja Oke, Mrs. Gopika Manjunath, Dr. Chitra Naidu, Dr. Meenal Joshi http://ijeab.com/upload_document/issue_files/2IJEAB-10220221-Purification.pdf Agriculture is a sector that is very important to pay attention to its development because one of the basic needs, namely food, is the main activity of this sector. Therefore, the government formed an activity, namely the Pekarangan Pangan Lestari (P2L) to support the agricultural sector in meeting food availability, especially in urban areas that are vulnerable to food insecurity. The aims of this study were 1) To find out the extension method for the Pekarangan Pangan Lestari (P2L) program in Parepare before and during the Covid-19 pandemic, 2) To analyze the differences in the extension method to the Pekarangan Pangan Lestari (P2L) program in Parepare before and during the Covid-19 pandemic, 3) Analyzing the effect of the Covid-19 pandemic on the extension method to the Pekarangan Pangan Lestari (P2L) program in the City of Parepare. This research was conducted at the Dinas Ketahanan Pangan of Parepare City and used descriptive and quantitative methods. The results showed that there were significant differences between the extension methods of the Pekarangan Pangan Lestari (P2L) program before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. The change in the extension method was influenced by several factors, namely government policies, the quantity of meetings and the extension materials provided. The results showed that there were significant differences between the extension methods of the Pekarangan Pangan Lestari (P2L) program before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. The change in the extension method was influenced by several factors, namely government policies, the quantity of meetings and the extension materials. http://ijeab.com/detail/extension-methods-of-pekarangan-pangan-lestari-p2l-program-before-and-during-the-covid-19-pandemic-at-parepare-city/ A S Mayesty, M H Jamil, R A Nadja, N Busthanul, R Bakri, M Thamrin http://ijeab.com/upload_document/issue_files/3IJEAB-102202219-Extension.pdf This study emphasis on draining and slowing runoff volumes in arid and semi-arid lands regions using HEC-HMS model linked with various Best Management Practices (BMPs) alternatives. The proposed methods may help significantly in reducing flash flood precipitation and improving instream water quality. It provides facilities to increase flood retention times and infiltration rates. This study proposed a modern and progressive flash flood management scheme that would emphasize on enhancing soil infiltration and runoff attenuation by construction facilities that would absorb runoff water. We formulated five proposals for flood mitigation derived from BMP techniques for the purposes of stormwater management. Results for investigating the construction of dry dams' option showed a significant reduction in both peak volumes and time to peak and consequently, the mitigated flood spreads longer. Furthermore, downstream calculations prove the contributions of other events on increasing flood hazards downstream. Outlet bottom size and storage capacity are the major parameters that control flood hazards. Outcomes of this study would help water resources managers and decision-makers who need immediate action plans and operational responses when floods occur. Discharge outflow rates were assessed using HEC-HMS and CN methods, and modeling the studied area using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). This study reveals runoff volumes ranges of 0.04 to 0.77 cm/hr. http://ijeab.com/detail/arid-lands-flood-evaluation-and-mitigation-measures-using-hec-hms-model-and-best-management-practices-bmps/ Ahmed N. Bdour http://ijeab.com/upload_document/issue_files/4IJEAB-112202120-AridLands.pdf S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) is a metabolite of great biological and pharmacological significance. Its biochemical roles can only be described as central for life. It is produced in almost every organism, and its chemical structure enables it to participate in at least three classes of group transfer reactions as the group donor. It has been employed in treatment of osteoarthritis, depression, Alzheimer’s disease, liver disease and fibromyalgia. Its enzymatic synthesis requires the participation of L-methionine and ATP as substrates and methionine adenosyltransferase the enzyme. Meeting the ever-increasing demand for the compound requires increasing production. A number of strategies have been employed to achieve sustainable SAM production. Principal focus has been on improving its production by microbial fermentation. Enzyme engineering, metabolic engineering, conditions optimisation are some of the biotechnological approaches the have been explored to achieve improved microbial SAM production. The successes achieved by the methods have mostly been mixed. Presently industrial SAM production is by yeast fermentation, applying high density cultures of Pichia pastoris or Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This review provides a concise report of the present achievements of methods that have been applied in Escherichia coli, P. pastoris and S. cerevisiae to achieve sustainable improvement in industrial SAM production, highlights contemporary strategies and also suggests potential methods that could be channelled to the same goal. http://ijeab.com/detail/emerging-developments-and-innovations-in-the-construction-of-microbial-cell-factories-for-the-improved-production-of-s-adenosylmethionine/ Hero Nmeri Godspower, Meijuan Xu, Zhina Qiao, Sunday Bulus Peter, Waleed AL-Ansi, Zhiming Rao http://ijeab.com/upload_document/issue_files/5IJEAB-10320224-Emerging.pdf The growing demand for non synthetic preservatives has increased research interest in natural substances with bioactivity. Among recent natural substances investigated for their bio properties are cranberry juice and lemon essential oil. This review discussed the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of cranberry juice and lemon essential oil. http://ijeab.com/detail/antioxidant-and-antimicrobial-properties-of-cranberry-juice-and-lemon-essential-oil/ Kabirou Odjo, Qais Ali Al-Maqtari, Waleed AL-Ansi, Hang Yu, Yahui Guo, Weirong Yao http://ijeab.com/upload_document/issue_files/6IJEAB-10320225-Antioxidant.pdf The study investigated the socio-economic characteristics of small ruminant farmers, profitability and militating factors affecting small ruminant production in Ondo State, South-West, Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to sample Two Hundred respondents (200) from the four Agricultural Development Programme (ADP) Zones in the study area, in which 25 farmers were randomly selected from 8 different communities. The respondents were accessed and interviewed using a well-structured questionnaire and interview guide, and data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequencies and percentages, budgetary analysis and 4-Point Likert type scale. Findings revealed that 60.5% of the respondents were practising semi-intensive management systems, goats were the commonest animals reared by the farmers. The Return on Investment (ROI) was found to be 1.54 which implies that small ruminant producers will realize 1.54 on each naira expended, the gross margin and net farm income shows N253, 692.39 and N204, 327.08 respectively, Expense Structure Ratio (ESR) of 0.42 and gross ratio (0.45) which also revealed that total revenue accrued from small ruminant production is greater than total cost expended in the course of the business by 55. The study as well identified inadequate capital and high-interest rate of capital as the two most challenging constraints faced by the small ruminant farmers in the study area. Results obtained indicated that small ruminant production is a profitable venture mostly managed under the Semi-Intensive system and requires adequate capital for proper management of the animals. http://ijeab.com/detail/socioeconomic-characteristics-of-farmers-profitability-and-militating-factors-affecting-small-ruminant-production-in-ondo-state-south-west-nigeria/ O.O. Oni , G.A. Ibhaze, I.O. Ogunwande, G.E. Onibi http://ijeab.com/upload_document/issue_files/7IJEAB-102202218-Socioeconomic.pdf The study examines the resource use efficiency among sweet potato farmers in Ifedore Local Government Area of Ondo State. Specifically, it described the socio economic characteristics of the respondents, determine allocative efficiency of sweet potato production, determine factors that affect sweet potato production in the study area. Multistage sampling techniques was used to select two districts from the study area, ninety eight (98) respondents was randomly selected. Data were collected through the aid of a well-structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The result of the findings revealed that the respondents were mostly male (71.4%), 78.6% were married, 36.7% had secondary education, 78.6% had years of experience of between 1-5years, 41.8% are between the age of 30-40years. Land and fertilizer were underutilized, output can increase if the quantities of these resources are increased and capital input was over utilized. Linear regression showed that there is significant relationship between educational levels, quantity of fertilizer, improved tillage practice and yield per hectare. Stochastic frontier result revealed that labor and farm size was significant at 1%. Pest and disease is the major constraints faced by the farmers. Therefore, it was recommended that farmers should use disease resistant varieties. http://ijeab.com/detail/resource-use-efficiency-among-sweet-potato-farmers-in-ifedore-local-government-area-of-ondo-state/ A. I. Ogunyinka , L. O. Omoniyi, M. O. Ogunyinka http://ijeab.com/upload_document/issue_files/8IJEAB-10320226-Resource.pdf Current soil management strategies are mainly dependent on inorganic chemical-based fertilizers, which are expensive and have led to a serious threat to human health and environment. Moreover, COVID-19 pandemic caused economic recession coupling with the effects of climate change. The effect of the pandemic has led to increased prices of inputs particularly chemical fertilizers, resulting in a reduction in crop production. Soil fertility which is a function of agricultural production has declined overtime due to nutrient depletion. The exploitation of cost effective and beneficial microbes as a biofertilizer has become paramount importance in agriculture sector for their potential role in food safety, sustainable crop production and soil fertility improvement. The eco-friendly approaches inspire a wide range of application of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs), endo- and ectomycorrhizal fungi, cyanobacteria and many other useful microscopic organisms that have led to improved nutrient uptake, plant growth and plant tolerance to abiotic and biotic stress. The present review highlights; biofertilizers relevance and plant tolerance to environmental stress, biofertilizer exploitation and nutrient profile of crops, potential significance of beneficial microbes in sustainable agriculture. The knowledge gained from the literature appraised herein will help in understand the benefits of biofertilizers towards sustainable agriculture in reducing problems associated with the use of chemicals fertilizers. http://ijeab.com/detail/use-of-cost-effective-biofertilizers-interventions-for-enhanced-food-security-and-soil-management-amidst-covid-19-crisis-review/ F.K Mbaka, H.O Ndukhu, G.O Oloo-Abucheli http://ijeab.com/upload_document/issue_files/9IJEAB-102202222-Useof.pdf According to the literature, various methods have been used to assess vulnerability to the effectof climate change, few of them have addressed the degree of vulnerability of agricultural production systems to climate change effects. In this paper we propose a new method appropriate to the Evaluation of theVulnerability of an Agricultural Production System to the effects of Climate Change in rainfed areas noted « MEVSPA-CC ». This method refers to the concept of vulnerability to climate change as defined by the IPCC.This method builds on practical approaches and methods of climate change vulnerability assessment that have already been implemented in other contexts.This method consists of measuring the intensity of each component of vulnerability (sensitivity, exposure and adaptive capacity) of an agricultural production system based on the causal relationships between its internal and external factors (human, physical, financial, natural, economic, and social) and the potential effects of a climate event. http://ijeab.com/detail/practical-method-for-assessing-the-vulnerability-of-the-agricultural-production-system-to-the-effects-of-climate-change-in-rainfed-areas-mevspa-cc/ Faiz Mourad http://ijeab.com/upload_document/issue_files/10IJEAB-103202217-Practical.pdf It is very important to study and understand the inter-relationships among the yield and yield attributing traits as well as heritability for the increased efficiency of the breeding programs. Thus, this research is meant to examine economic and biological performance and then measure the correlation between these traits and their heritability. A field experiment was performed in a Randomized Block layout with three replications, every assigned with fifteen treatments in Bharatpur, Chitwan. Effects confirmed considerable variants among all the found quantitative data. Days to tassel initiation were positively and significantly correlated with days to silking (0.83***), days to maturity (0.85**), and days to anthesis (0.87**). Thousand seed weight was significantly and positively correlated with shelling percentage (0.34*). Grain yield was significantly and positively correlated with cob length (0.32*) and number of grains per row (0.33*) whereas highly significant and positively correlated with circumference (0.43***). Traits like days to maturity (0.3), shelling percentage (0.3), and grain yield (0.6) exhibited moderate heritability while others exhibited low heritability. RL-294/CML-226 had the highest grain yield (7.7 t/ha) and grain per row (15.2) with medium performance for other characters. RML-57/RL-174 recorded the highest rows per cob (39.7), cob length (18cm), and shelling percentage (80%) whereas the lowest days to maturity (116.7 DAS) and fluctuating performance in others. Variety RML-86/RML-146 showed better consistent performance for all the traits with the third-highest grain yield (7.1 t/ha) except for shelling percentage (which was the lowest) and days to maturity (which was the longest). This depicts that the two varieties RL-294/CML-226 and RML-86/RML-146 have good possibilities for improvement and cultivation in that area. http://ijeab.com/detail/analysis-of-heritability-and-correlation-for-yield-and-yield-attributing-traits-in-single-cross-hybrids-of-maize/ Jigyasha Gautam, Aakash Adhikari, Pabitra Ale, Babita Dhungana, Anup Adhikari, Krishna Hari Dhakal http://ijeab.com/upload_document/issue_files/11IJEAB-103202210-Analysis.pdf Food-borne illnesses represent a real public health problem, due to their severity and frequency. These are common pathologies that can be dangerous and sometimes fatal, due to the consumption of food contaminated by pathogenic microorganisms or toxic substances such as pesticides. The risk of poisoning increases when the most elementary rules of hygiene are not respected. Among the foods often affected is meat, which is an extremely perishable commodity. The objective of this study was to show, through a survey of beef sellers in three markets in the city of Man (Côte d'Ivoire) as well as consumers and, through microbiological tests, the danger that consumption of beef sold in these informal markets can represent. The surveys carried out showed that the most basic hygiene rules were not respected by the beef meat sellers. And even, for the sellers who say they respect them, that leaves something to be desired. As for the microbiological tests which consisted in determining the presence of contaminating germs on pieces of meat taken during the investigation, they revealed the presence of germs such as total aerobic mesophilic flora (TAMF), Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. The bacterial load of E. coli varied between 4.105 CFU/g and 15.105 CFU/g depending on the market and Salmonalla spp. was present in all meat samples taken from the three markets. These results suggest that the meat sold in the markets of Man is indeed a risk factor for food poisoning for the populations that consume it. http://ijeab.com/detail/hygienic-condition-of-beef-meat-sold-in-the-markets-of-the-city-of-man-c-te-d-ivoire/ Kossonou Yao Kamelé, Koffi Affoué Carole, Adingra Kouassi Martial-Didier, Koffi Yao Mesmin, Boupé Gnaoue Raymond, Tano Kablan http://ijeab.com/upload_document/issue_files/12IJEAB-10420221-Hygienic.pdf Laundry activities produces waste water contains high pollutants such as Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). The COD level of sample from a laundry wastewater was 541 mg/L, which over the wastewater quality standard the Indonesian Minister of Environment Regulation no 5/2014 (100 mg/L), therefore wastewater treatment was required to prevent any adverse effect. One of the parameters which is able to describe the pollutants in wastewater is COD. Wastewater treatment can be done by coagulation-flocculation process with Poly Aluminum Chloride (PAC) coagulant. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficiency of PAC in reducing COD levels in laundry wastewater. This study was a true experimental study with a pre-test post-test with control group design, used jar test to simulate the coagulation-flocculation process in a laboratory scale. PAC variations concentration were 300 mg/L, 350 mg/L, 400 mg/L, and 450 mg/L with additional samples of pretest and control. The treatments were repeated in 6 times. Kruskal Wallis test showed population of COD level difference before and after treatment (p=0.008). Mann Whitney test showed that groups which had significant difference in COD reduction were between the control group and each of PAC-treated group (p http://ijeab.com/detail/the-effectiveness-of-poly-alumunium-chloride-pac-on-chemical-oxygen-demand-cod-levels-of-laundry-wastewater-in-batam-city-indonesia/ Milenia Rossa Audria, Tri Joko, Sulistiyani Sulistiyani http://ijeab.com/upload_document/issue_files/13IJEAB-10420223-The Effectiveness.pdf The Capsicum annuum pepper species consists of two (2) main varieties: hot pepper and sweet pepper. These two (2) varieties are eaten in Korhogo, in the north of Côte d’Ivoire. However, the hot pepper is consumed much more than the sweet pepper only because of its pungent taste due to the presence of capsaicin. These two (2) varieties of Capsicum annuum encounter problems of distribution and conservation. In addition, the populations do not know their compositions nor their nutritional values. This study is a valuation of the two (2) varieties of Capsicum annuum. Also, it will allow people to consume more sweet pepper if its nutritional value is good. The comparative study of their physicochemical properties, antioxidant and anti-nutrient contents revealed that the sweet pepper has a higher length (6.48cm ± 0.6), circumference (14.51cm ± 0.45) , mass (37.61g ± 4.41), humidity rate (91.48% ± 0.3), oxalate content (377.66 mg / 100g ± 13.22). Hot pepper, for its part, has a higher ash content (0.95% ± 0.11), lipids content (0.45% ± 0.04), proteins content (1.46% ± 0.16), fiber content (5.53% ± 0.06), total carbohydrate (9.14% ± 0.57), energy value (46.45Kcal / 100g ± 2.59), polyphenol content (200.41mg / 100g ± 40.07),phytates content (25.31mg / 100g ± 0.69).In addition, the pH (5.46 ± 0.04) of these two (2) varieties, the titratable acidity (3 meq / 100g ± 0.19), the content of reducing sugars (196.52mg / 100g ± 61 , 46), the total sugars content (3.58% ± 0.52), the vitamin C content (44.16mg / 100g ± 19.02), the flavonoids content (3.65mg / 100g ± 1, 4), the tannins content (19mg / 100g ± 3.62), are not significantly different at the 5% level. Regarding minerals, hot pepper and sweet pepper contain phosphorus (0.15% dm ± 0.015), potassium (0.34% dm ± 0.017), calcium (0.31% dm ± 0.006), magnesium (0.17% dm ± 0.003), copper (3.45ppm ± 0.62), iron (7.53ppm ± 0.488), manganese (0.64ppm ± 0.13), zinc (16.74ppm ± 1.155), sodium (11.13ppm ± 5.261), the contents of which do not vary significantly from one variety to another. This study showed that these two (2) varieties of Capsicum annuum have dietary fiber, vitamin C, minerals, natural polyphenols which are beneficial for the local population. Anti-nutrients can be inactivated by cooking. http://ijeab.com/detail/comparative-study-of-the-physicochemical-properties-of-the-minerals-of-two-varieties-of-capsicum-annuum-the-hot-pepper-and-the-sweet-pepper-cultivated-in-korhogo-in-the-north-of-c-te-d-ivoire/ Niamke Arthur Michel, Assanvo Bomo Justine, Atchowo Elidje Jaurès, Djaman Allico Joseph http://ijeab.com/upload_document/issue_files/14IJEAB-10420222-ComparativeStudy.pdf Tropical peatland is remaining to play a critical geographic, political, and economic role in globalization. Revegetation maintains a vegetation cover on peat and able to increase humidity and decreasing fire risks. The selection of adaptable plants that growing on peatland are the main factors of revegetation accomplishment. The location of the research was in the peat forest of Pulantani village, Haur Gading District, Hulu Sungai Utara Regency, South Kalimantan Province, Indonesia and carried out for 12 months. The plants used are Dyera costulata, Hevea brasiliensis, Melaleuca cajuputi, and Shorea balangeran. Revegetation species were analyzed by calculating percent of plant life and plant growth. Characteristics of revegetation area of the peat forests cover with pure stands of trees and poles of Combretocarpus rotundatus species. Percent of plant life during seed distribution activities are varies between the four species. S.balangeran has the highest percentage of life with a value of 97%, H.brasiliensis has 96%, M.cajuputi has 88% and D.costulata has 77%. There was a decrease in percent growth over time after planting with S.balangeran has the highest percentage compared to other types. Percent growth of S.balangeran is 100% at the beginning of planting (t0), 96.7% after 1 month of planting (t1), 93.4% after 3 months of planting (t2), 84.40% after 8 months of planting (t3) and decreased up to 55% after 12 months of planting (t4). Although the phenomenon that occurs is that no tree species achieves 75% growth success , S.balangeran is highly recommended as a selected species in the revegetation of peatlands. http://ijeab.com/detail/implementation-of-plant-selection-based-on-plant-growth-on-revegetation-of-peatland-in-south-kalimantan/ Kissinger, Rina M.N. Pitri, Amar V. Nasrulloh http://ijeab.com/upload_document/issue_files/15IJEAB-103202219-Implementation.pdf The experiment sets out to investigate the effect of oxidation-reduction on nitrogen formsin soil. The trial was a 3 x 2 factorial experiment laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) and replicated three times. Treatment consisted of two variables which are poultry manure at three levels (0t/ha, 6t/ha and 8t/ha) and water regime at two levels (field capacity and waterlogged).The combinations resulted into six (6) treatments resulting into three oxidation-reduction potential range [oxidized (>300), moderately reduced (-100 to 300), reduced ( http://ijeab.com/detail/fate-and-form-of-nitrogen-under-different-soil-redox-status/ G. O. Dayo-Olagbende, K.O. Sanni, S. A. Adejoro, R.O. Afingba, B.S. Ewulo http://ijeab.com/upload_document/issue_files/16IJEAB-104202210-Fateand.pdf The illusion of herbs and grasses atmost mechanic workshops was given the concern to know the effects of mechanic activities on the environment using the Epe Central mechanic village as a case study. Soil and water samples from the environment were analysed for Copper (Cu) and Lead (Pb) with the view to investigating the extent of percolations and the consequential effects of the heavy metals from spent lube on the surrounding water and soils. The concentrations of Lead (Pb) and Copper Cu recorded at the soil surface were 2049.64 ppm and 153.22 ppm respectively. At depths between 7.8 to 30.1 meters (25 to 100 ft), the concentrations profile estimated for Copper metals reduced drastically to 59.98 ppm in a linear relationship defined with the depths as Y(x)=-1.03064*x+175.758 while Lead concentration reduced to 342.35 ppm. The concentrations of Copperwere0.63ppm in well water and 0.36ppm in the borehole water sources. Likewise, the Lead evaluated was 0.13 ppm in well water and 0.04 ppm in the bore-hole water sources respectively.These values were however higher than evaluated values at distant locations. Mechanic activities at the location are believed to be responsible for biotic degradations. It is anticipated that the heavy metals in the spent oil percolate into the soil as leachates and runoff which may prime the pollution of underground water in a long run. http://ijeab.com/detail/metallic-percolations-and-environmental-impacts-of-spent-lubesat-local-auto-mechanic-workshops/ Oladejo. Duduyemi, A. Moronkolaa, S.A. Adebanjo, K.A. Adedeji, A.O. Adefuye http://ijeab.com/upload_document/issue_files/17IJEAB-104202216-Metallic.pdf Rubber scion growth is the key step of rubber budding propagation. However, there is still a lack of systematic studies investigating leaf phenology effect on rubber scion growth. In this study, leaf phenology, stem diameter, plant height and the chlorophyll parameters were observed at six periods. The results showed that leaf-unfolding stage was the rapid growth and regulation stage of plant height and stem diameter, and light green leaf stage was the sensitive to environmental temperature. Taken together, leaf phenology affects the growth speed of rubber buddings, and distinguishing the differences in phenological effects helps to regulate the phenological process to raise rubber buddings. http://ijeab.com/detail/effect-of-leaf-phenology-on-the-growth-of-rubber-buddings/ Ruxue Wang, Xianhong Chen, Jun Wang http://ijeab.com/upload_document/issue_files/18IJEAB-103202220-Effectof.pdf Combining ability analysis provides useful information for the selection of parents, in the breeding program of cucumber at Can tho, VietNam, as well as information related to the nature and extent of the gene activities involved. Cucumberimprovement involves strategies to enhance yieldpotential and quality of cucumber. Targeting the improvement of new varieties for breeding in cucumber plants, combining abilities and genetic parameters for 12 traits estimated from the full diallel analysis technique 8×8. The results showed that the differences due to general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) capabilities are significant for most of these important traits.It indicates the importance of both plus- and non-plus gene activity. GCA variances are more intense than SCA variances for all hybrid materials studied showing the advantages of linear effects in their genetics. P1 (PhungTuong) appears as the best general combination for early flowers; P3 (MaLai) has a high primary branch number; P3(MaLai);P4 (TL 00L);P5(TayNinh) P6( BinhPhu) and P7(TQ) have the best combining ability for use in the breeding program to improve the number of fruits per plant. P4 (TL 00L) gives the length of the fruits. The SCA effect as well as the reciprocal effect also have implications for most important combinations in different hybrid combinations such as: the crossing P1xP6, P2xP3, P2xP4,P2xP5 and P2xP7for fruit weight/plant. The length of the fruit forP1x P6 and P2 x P7,these selected crossing were associated with the agronomic performance of cucumber varieties in future. http://ijeab.com/detail/analysis-on-8-8-diallel-crosses-of-cucumber-cucumissativus-l-for-potential-yield-improvement-at-can-tho-vietnam/ Nguyen Thi Lang, Le Hoang Phuong, Le Minh Khang, Bui Chi Hieu, Nguyen Trong Phuoc http://ijeab.com/upload_document/issue_files/19IJEAB-104202217-Analysison.pdf