Volume 7 Number 4 (July 2022)

The ASMC seeder improves maize sowing in the western region of Burkina Faso

In Burkina Faso, cultivation operations (tillage, sowing, weeding, fertilization, etc.) are mainly carried out by women and young people. Among them, sowing is a particular constraint that determines the success or failure of production. In this country, maize is grown by 78% of producers in the rainy season. In order to improve production, a simple seeder that can be made by local craftsmen was designed as part of the Appropriate Scale Mechanization Consortium (ASMC) project and evaluated with SR21 maize seed in the Koumbia region. It has been harnessed by two oxen. The equipment is evaluated on a plowed plot and on minimum tillage plot. Seed dimensions and distribution disc characteristics were measured. The characteristics of sowing, the traction force and the labor times were measured and compared with those of manual sowing. The results indicate that the sowing time is 3.6 to 3.8 h ha-1, i.e., 8 to 10 times faster than manual practice. The traction force is 22.6 kgf (226 N). That is available for oxen hitch even with one animal. Seed calibration can improve tool performance. The tool has great potential for increasing production if the other production inputs are assured.

Evaluation of the antimicrobial potential of actinobacteria strains isolated from mangrove soils in the municipality of São Caetano de Odivelas – Pará, Brazil

The actinobacteria compose a phylum of Gram-positive bacteria that possess a wide morphological and physiological variety. They are cocci or bacilli shaped and their reproduction is characterized by the formation of spores and septate pseudo hyphae similar to fungi. Physiologically, they have a great capacity to produce secondary metabolites, which give this group of bacteria a high pharmacological and commercial value. The aim of this work was to isolate and evaluate the antimicrobial potential of strains isolated from mangrove soils in the municipality of São Caetano de Odivelas-PA. As results, from the 19 isolates, 11 strains, showed a good performance against the tested pathogenic bacteria - S. aureus, E. coli and K. pneumoniae.

Effect of Marketing Mix on Consumer Decisions in Purchasing Pesticide Products Antracol 70 WP in Enrekang Regency (Case Study on Shallot Farmers Using Pesticides in Anggeraja District)

Syahidah Sari, Didi Rukmana, Ade Rosmana

This study aims to determine the effect of the marketing mix (product, price, promotion, and place) on consumer decisions in purchasing pesticide products Antracol 70 WP in Enrekang district. This research was conducted in Pekalobean Village, Anggeraja District. Enrekang Regency, in February 2022. The respondents in this study were domiciled in Anggeraja Subdistrict, Enrekang Regency as many as 310 farmers. The sampling technique used the simple random sampling method ( Simple Random Sampling ) as many as 50 respondents. Samples were taken through a questionnaire. The data analysis method used in this research is descriptive analysis. The results showed that the factors that most influence purchasing decisions are product, price, place and lastly promotion. This shows that the product has the largest average value of 4.45 in the "strongly agree" category, meaning that the product greatly influences farmers' decisions to purchase Antracol pesticides, because farmers choose to use Antracol pesticides because the quality of these products has good quality and product suitability farmers want.

An Examination of a Major All Cargo Airline Energy Management: The Case of Cargolux Airlines International

Glenn Baxter

Based on the use of a qualitative longitudinal research design, this study examines Cargolux Airlines International, a major global air cargo airline, sustainable energy management. The study covers the period 2012 to 2020. Cargolux Airlines International energy sources are aircraft (Jet A1) aircraft fuel, diesel, cooling energy, electricity, heating energy, industrial fuel, natural gas, and unleaded gasoline 95. The case study revealed that Cargolux’s Jet A1 fuel consumption has principally exhibited an upward trend reflecting the growth in the airline’s services, route network expansion, and the growth in the aircraft fleet during the study period. Cargolux Airlines International annual cooling energy consumption (kWh) oscillated over the study period reflecting differing cooling requirements. Cargolux Airlines International annual diesel consumption fluctuated quite markedly during the study period reflecting differing vehicle fuel consumption requirements and usage. The case study found that there was a general downward trend in Cargolux Airlines International annual electricity consumption during the period 2012 to 2015, whilst there was a general upward trend in the airline’s electricity consumption from 2016 to 2020. The airline’s annual heating consumption also oscillated over the study period reflecting differing heating requirements. Cargolux Airlines International annual industrial fuel consumption primarily displayed a general downward trend. The airline’s annual natural gas consumption has fluctuated throughout the study period reflecting differing consumption patterns at the airline. Cargolux annual 95 gasoline consumption displayed a general downward trend from 2012 to 2015, and a general upward trend from 2015 to 2020. Throughout the study period, Cargolux Airlines International implemented a range of energy savings measures that enabled the airline to optimize its energy consumption.

A Review on Flow Injection Analysis for Indirect Determination of Cyanide ion in Environment by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometer

Hawraz Sami Khalid, Sirwan Fadhil Shawket, Nabil Adil Fakhre

Among inorganic anions, cyanide is a potent toxicant in environment. Its species are historically known as the most harmful chemical pollutants of the environment to directly affect human health and some aquatics activity, even at minimum levels. Cyanide compounds are widely available with various chemical compositions and are applied in many industrial fields. This mini-review focused on the cyanide species and their measurement utilizing several analytical techniques. Detailed information on an indirectly determined cyanide species in various environmental samples was also reviewed using a flame atomic absorption spectrometer equipped with a flow injection system (FIA-FAAS). Obtained various analytical performance properties of an indirectly measured free cyanide ion in various samples using FAAS investigated from this study.

Efficiency of removal Cr(III), Ni(II), Pb(II) ions from simulated wastewater using natural and modified Ca - bentonite

The aim of this study was to investigate removal efficiency of heavy metals and the adsorption capacity of natural Ca-bentonite, as well as thermally and acid-activated Ca-bentonite (with HCl and H2SO4) for the removal of heavy metal ions Cr(III), Ni(II) and Pb(II). The adsorbent used is bentonite from the Shipovo (Šipovo mine), Bosnia and Herzegovina. The results show that the efficiency of heavy metal ion removal using Ca-bentonite is at a satisfactory level. Thus, the highest percentage of removal for the tested metals was at the highest concentration of 20 mg/L, while the decrease in concentration decreased the efficiency of removal of heavy metal ions. The highest percentage of removal was recorded for Cr(III) ions, while the lowest was for Ni(II).

Factors that Influencing Consumer Behavior against Rice Purchase Decisions

Ria Amalia Lestari, Rahim Darma, Andi Aswan

The purpose of this study is to determine whether cultural, social, personal and psychological factors have a positive and significant effect also simultaneously on rice purchasing decisions and which consumer behavior factors have the most influence on rice purchasing decisions.This research was conducted in January 2022 and carried out on rice sellers. The respondents in this study were 55 rice buyers. This research uses accidental sampling method. Accidental sampling is a technique of determining a random sample that is accidentally encountered by a researcher at the research site. The results showed that (a) Cultural factors and personal factors did not have a positive and partially significant effect on rice purchasing decisions. Meanwhile, social and psychological factors have a positive and significant partial effect on rice purchasing decisions in Majene, West Sulawesi. (b) Cultural factors, social factors, personal factors and psychological factors have a simultaneous positive and significant effect on rice purchasing decisions in Majene, West Sulawesi and (c) Personal factors are the most dominant variables in influencing rice purchasing decisions because they have a t count and value. the highest significant.

Effects of cut back at different leaf phenology stages on the growth of scion of rubber seedlings

Qing Chen, Xinlong Wang, Jian Chen, Jun Wang

Phenology can directly reflect the characteristics of rubber seedling, people can determine the agricultural time arrangements of seedling germination, cut back, tending management and nursery operation. In this study, the phenological period of the top leaf of hevea tree seedlings was divided into four treatments, and cut back was carried out in sprout period, bronze stage, light green stage and stable stage, respectively. The effects of sawing stock in different phenological periods on the budding rate and growth potential of scion 1-2 were observed. The results showed that the budding rate and nursery rate of scion were significantly higher than those of other stages when the leaf phenology stage was sawed in sprout stage and stable stage, and the budding rate and nursery rate were the lowest in the light green stage. In the first leaf whorl, the plant height of stock leaf phenology stage was significantly higher in sprout stage and bronze stage than in light green stage, but there was no significant difference with stable stage; The stem diameter of stable phenological stage was significantly larger than that of bronze and light green phenological stage, but there was no significant difference with that of sprout stage; The leaf whorl distance in the paleobronze period was significantly higher than that in the light green period, but there was no significant difference with other periods; The number of leaves in phenological stage was significantly more in sprout stage than in light green stage, and there was no significant difference from other stages. In the second leaf whorl, The plant height, stem diameter, leaf distance and leaf number of scion of stock seedlings in phenology stage were significantly higher than those in other stages, and the growth of stock seedlings in light green stage was lowest. In conclusion, the leaf phenology stage of the rootstock seedlings of rubber tree is in the sprout stage, and the scion growth is the best, followed by the stable stage and bronze stage. Cut back in the light green stage is not recommended.

Physical and Chemical Analysis of Fish Feed Based on Fermentation of Kelakai Leaf (Stenochlaena palustris (Burm.F.) Bedd)

Kelakai (Stenochlaena palustris) can be used as an ingredient in fish feed because it has a high protein content. The problem with the use of kelakai for fish feed is that the crude fiber content is quite high, and the improvement of this nutritional value can be done through the fermentation process. The purpose of this study was to analyze the physical and chemical properties of fish feed based on fermented kelakai leaves. The research was conducted at the Nutrition Laboratory, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Affairs, Lambung Mangkurat University Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan Province for ± 1.5 months. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 treatments, namely Treatment (A) non-fermented kelakai leaf-based feed, treatment (B) fermented kelakai leaf-based feed with a dose of probiotics 5%, and Treatment (C) Fermented feed based on a 10% dose of probiotics, with test parameters namely physical test and chemical test of feed. The results showed that the longest durability of feed was destroyed after 1 hour 02 minutes in the non-fermented treatment, while the best feed buoyancy was in the treatment of kelakai leaf fermentation-based feed at a dose of 5% for 43.75 seconds. Kelakai leaf fermented feed with doses of 0%, 5%, 10% showed the value of protein content (25.78%-26.28%), crude fiber (7.67%-7.96%), fat (3.32%- 6.88%), and contains 8 essential amino acids (L-Phenylalanine, L-Leucine, L-Valine, L-Arginine, L-Lysine, L-Leucine, L-Threonine, L-Histidine) and 7 non-amino acids. essential oils (L-Serine, L-Glutamic acid, L-Alanine, glycine, L-Aspartic, L-Tyrosine, L-Proline) where the highest value was in the fermented feed based on the 5% dose of tapioca flour.

Amount Stock of Blue Carbon in Mangrove on the Area of Pt Arutmin Indonesia Kintap Mine Mekarsari Village, Tanah Laut Regency, South Kalimantan

Frans Tony, Putri Mudhlika Lestarina, Abdurrahim Putra, Rina Iskandar

Mekarsari Village is located in the Kintap sub-district, Tanah Laut district, South Kalimantan Province, which is an area that has a 1.83 ha mangrove ecosystem. Mangrove ecosystem is one form of forest ecosystem that is unique and distinctive, found in tidal areas of coastal areas, beaches, and several small islands. In addition to the mangrove ecosystem, there is also a coral reef ecosystem with the condition of coral reefs around the marine waters of Kintap District ranging from low to moderate based on coral reef assessment criteria according to the Indonesian Environment Ministerial Decree, No. 4/2011, (Tony. F, et al 2021). The purpose of this study was to determine the amount of biomass and the amount of blue carbon stock in the mangrove ecosystem in Mekarsari Village. Data was collected by plotting the area and taking the upper sample to determine the amount of blue carbon stock through the results of laboratory analysis. The results of the study based on data collection in the field, namely the mangrove ecosystem in Mekarsari Village has a total biomass value of 98.52 tons/ha and the total amount of blue carbon stock is 84.72 tons C/ha.

Market gardening and the Economy of Urban and Peri-urban Households in the city of Dakar: Case of the Municipalities of Hann-Bel-Air, Parcelles Assainies, Ouakam and Grand-Yoff

Ibrahima Thiaw, Cheikh Faye, HonorÃ© Dacosta, DiÃ¨ne Dione

The strong urbanization of the Dakar region and its induced effects (lack of cultivation areas, floods, etc.) pose significant challenges in terms of local food security for populations. In this context, the reflection on the food and/or commercial function of the Urban and Peri-urban Agriculture (AUP) of Dakar finds all its relevance. This study focused on the issue of access to production land and the essentially commercial dimension of market gardening, making it possible to generate income likely to improve the living conditions of agri-urban households. She is interested in this particular aspect of the market gardening activity practiced in the Dakar region in four market gardening production areas (Ouakam, Parcelles Assainies, Grand-Yoff and Hann-Bel-Air) involving 120 market gardening actors. The results obtained reveal that market gardening, by table crops, raises the question of local development based on gender. Worn mainly by women, it is a commercial activity in its own right, the monetary income of which is far greater than the minimum wage in Senegal. It turns out that this almost exclusively commercial orientation indisputably allows women to better cover their food and non-food expenses inherent to life in an urban environment. However, market gardeners face problems such as the current health crisis (COVID-19), lack of water, land pressure, proliferation of pests and lack of training on cultivation techniques. Therefore, it is urgent, on the part of the competent authorities and technical and financial partners, to meet these challenges in order to strengthen the means of resilience or adaptation of agri-urban households to food and nutritional insecurity.

Quality and Food Safety of Fishery Products Marketed in Selayar Islands Regency

Ariyani, Nursinah Amir, Fahrul

Food safety is an obligation that much be carried out by the food industry, especially in the fisheries sector to ensure that the products marketed are safe for consumption by consumers. Public safety and health must be protected from food that does not meet the requirements and from losses due to improper food production, distribution and trade. This study aims to identify the use of dangerous chemical materials like formalin and rhodamine B in processed fishery products, as well as to determine the origin of suppliers of products sold in the Selayar Islands Regency. The method used in this research was observation. Determination of the location and sampling used accidental sampling. Samples was taken from several traditional markets that sold fishery products in Selayar Islands Regency. The samples were analyzed the quality and safety parameters in the Laboratory of the Center Implementing the Quality of South Sulawesi Fisheries Products, the Laboratory for Animal Husbandry at Hasanuddin University, the Microbiology Laboratory Department of TPHP Pangkep, and the South Sulawesi Health Laboratory. The result shows that the parameters of quality and food safety products are in accordance with SNI and there is not used of formalin and rhodamine B in any fishery products.

Effect of spraying salicylic acid and biostimulant (Biomagic) on productivity and quality of pomegranate under heat stress in Siwa Oasis

Amin M. G. E. Shaddad, Sheren A. Abd El-Hamied

This study was implemented through the project (Sustainable development of fruit trees affected by some environmental stress in Matrouh governorate) funded by Regional Development Centers (RDC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT) (Call no. 2/2019/ASRT-RDC). It was carried out on 81 trees of Manfalouty pomegranate cv (Punica granatum) during the two successive seasons of 2020 and 2021 at the Khamisa research station of D.R.C. at Siwa Oasis-Matrouh Governorate-Egypt. The study aimed to investigate the influence of salicylic acid (SA) and the biostimulant biomagic to improve fruit productivity and the quality of pomegranate var. "Manfalouty." All the treatments were subjected to the same agricultural practice. The foliar treatments were used, tap water (T1), salicylic acid 100 ppm (T2), salicylic acid 200 ppm (T3), biomagic at 7.5 cm/l (T4), biomagic at 8.5 cm/l (T5), salicylic acid 100 ppm + biomagic 7.5 cm/l (T6), salicylic acid 100 ppm + biomagic 8.5cm/l (T7), salicylic acid 200 ppm. The obtained results showed that all the treatments were affected by spraying fruit trees with salicylic acid in combination with biomagic, followed by the solo concentrations of each treatment in both seasons. Meanwhile, T9 gave the best vegetative growth, fruit physical, chemical properties, and gave the lowest total acidity, fruit cracking percentage, and sunburn percentage in the 1st and 2nd season, respectively.

Trees Outside Forests in Tamil Nadu, India – An Overview

S. Saravanan

The tree resource outside the forest (TOF) is a highly diverse and locally different natural renewable resource. In many regions they play a prominent role in securing rural livelihoods viz., provision of small timber, firewood, fodder, fruits, medicinal value, etc. Agroforestry systems are multifunctional systems that can provide a wide range of economic, socio cultural and environmental benefits. Agroforestry can be particularly important for smallholder farmers because it generates diverse products and services on a limited land area. Agroforestry practices in Tamil Nadu (TN), India, have existed since time immemorial and are evidenced in all parts of the state with less or no scientific management. Agroforestry research is a new field that is getting momentum in recent times due to popularization of industrial agroforestry. In the present context, to meet the national target of forest cover (33%) and to reduce pressure on natural forests, agroforestry plays a vital role and provides additional income to the farming community. This article aims to provide an insight into agroforestry practices in TN, including reasons for opting them, problems faced, etc. It also provides information on agroclimatic zone-wise tree species and agroforestry systems being practised by farmers.

Exploring VaKaranga cosmological ethics of kubata makuku as a panacea for conflict management and resolution in Post-colonial Zimbabwe

Daniel Muzenda

The political landscape of Zimbabwe shows that the country is battling to contain feuding conflicts in the society. It has become so obvious that any election in Zimbabwe is a contested terrain due to conflicts associated with the electoral process. Moreover, unsolved past conflicts continues to hinder the country’s socio economic stability. It is clear from the state of affair that the Church and the State have failed to resolve conflicts in Zimbabwe. The church continues to preach from its pulpit unconditional forgiveness while state continues to sweep critical issues under the carpet. It is within this context that a tap into how the VaKaranga people resolve their conflicts through the ethical theory of kubata makuku can be a panacea in conflict resolutions. Moreover, the failure by the church to take sides with the oppressed during the struggle for justice in post-colonial Zimbabwe always present a challenge to the relevance of the church.

Priming Applications with Mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) Larva Rearing Water in White Cabbage Seeds (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata F. alba cv. Yalova 1)

Nihan Åžahin, Levent ArÄ±n, Mehmet UludaÄŸ, Zafer ÅžakacÄ±, SÄ±rrÄ± Kar

The starting material with good quality is a portent of a satisfactory and good harvest in vegetables grown from seedlings such as cabbage, a good beginning makes a good ending. Seed pre-applications promote uniform and rapid germination/emergence, leading to strong seedling formation. In this study, bio-based larval rearing water was used as an organic priming agent and its effect was compared with the effects of hydro priming. As a result of the study, the effects of both priming applications on germination and emergence were superior to the untreated control in terms of mean time and vigor, but there were no differences according to germination and emergence percentages. According to mean time of germination organic primed seeds germinated in the shortest time with 2.45 days compared to hydro primed seeds (2.77 days) and control (3.48 days). Likewise, this, organic primed seeds were emergence in 6.80 days, hydro primed seeds were emergence in 7.19 days and control seeds were emergence in 7.39 days. Vigor index of germination was 19.09 in organic priming, but it was 17.48 in hydro priming and 14.56 in control. On the other hand, vigor index of emergence was 6.39 in organic priming, 5.67 in control and, 5.28 in hydro priming applications. In addition, organic priming came to the fore among organic priming and hydro priming. It is thought that this positive effect may be due to the nitrogen and organic carbon content of larval rearing water.

Automated Milk Quality Analyzer with Billing System

Manisarathi A, Raveesh SJ

Agriculture is an important part of India's economy, and the dairy sector provides to the country's profitability. As we all know, the global has grown at a faster rate, with people embracing a more affluent lifestyle to meet shifting expectations and needs. As a result, it is critical to reform the current farming and dairy management practices in India in different criteria, such as FAT, classifications of various milk characteristics, and so on. Another concern is that the process is done manually, which makes it susceptible to errors. As a result, it is necessary to reduce physical labour to improve results. The current system must be replaced with a new one that utilizes automated milk sample measuring technology. In our proposed system, we have developed a low-cost and reliable milk parameter detection and analysis system that uses an Arduino controller. On the other hand, the milk quality is checked, evaluated, and shown in a matter of seconds. As a result, the goal of implementing the suitable information technology stated in this project is to make information symmetric in the market, thereby minimizing problems of adverse selection and tedious work.

Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Nigeria’s Agricultural Sector (1981 to 2019)

Elaigwu Christopher Ogbanje, Abubakar Onoja Salami

The need to augment the financial policy interventions of the Central Bank of Nigeria in the agricultural sector is sine qua non. Since agriculture is still the mainstay of Nigeria’s economy, its reliance on foreign direct investment (FDI) ought to be ascertained. Consequently, this study investigated the impact of foreign direct investment on Nigeria’s agricultural sector. Time series data between 1981 and 2019 were obtained from the databases of the Central Bank and Food and Agriculture Organisation. The Augmented Dickey-Fuller test shows that the variables were I(1). Johansen’s co-integration test suggested long-run relationship among the variables. Findings revealed slower acceleration of agricultural productivity (6.28) than FDI (17.99). Also, FDI and exchange rate had statistically significant (p < 0.05) and negative impact on the agricultural productivity, while implicit price deflator for the agricultural sector had statistically significant (p < 0.001) and positive impact on agricultural productivity in the long-run. The error correction term indicates that the speed of adjustment to the short-run equilibrium was high (79.71%). Hence, reliance on foreign direct investment would have adverse effect on agricultural gross domestic product in the long-run. The Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development should evolve policies that would guarantee steady inflow of foreign direct investment to agriculture in a manner to reverse the negative impact or explore alternatives. In addition, the Central Bank of Nigeria should adopt a sound monetary policy to attain stability in the exchange rate as well as supply of FOREX to ease purchase of agricultural inputs.

Study of Physico- Chemical Parameters of Sugar Industry Effluent

V. B. Kakade

Sugar mill effluents are responsible for deterioration of water quality, due to effluents physical and chemical characteristics of river water changes and become unfit for human consumption. The present study was undertaken on the physico-chemical parameters of Bhima-Patas sugar industry effluent in Daund Tahsil. The study was conducted during 2009-2012 in crushing season of sugar industry. During the study period we recorded the different Physical as well as chemical properties of sugar mill effluent like Temperature, pH, TSS, TDS, Hardness, BOD, COD, DO, SO4, PO4, Oil and Grease, Zn, Hg etc. The result from the analysis of sugar industry waste water (effluent) shows that most of the parameters were much higher than the Minimum Pollution Level (MPL). Hence the flow of this effluent into the river causes serious pollution problems for aquatic life as well as human and livestock.

Removal of As(V) and Hg(II) ions from simulated wastewater using natural and modified Ca - bentonite

Using natural and modified Ca-bentonite as an adsorbent to observe a satisfactory trend in the removal of heavy metal ions As(V) and Hg(II) from simulated wastewaters. In this original scientific paper, Ca-bentonite was modified in two ways, thermally activated at a temperature of 300 °C for 3 hours and acid activated with HCl and H2SO4, molar concentrations 0,4 mol/L. Ca-bentonite used in this original scientific work was used from the Shipovo mine (Šipovo mine), Bosnia and Herzegovina and proved to be an excellent bioadsorbent for the removal of present ions from simulated wastewaters. Also this is eco-friendly adsorbent and low costed compared to other expensive adsorbents. Due to its chemical composition in which two oxides predominate, namely SiO2 (48.28 mass %) and Al2O3 (23.04 mass%), it can be concluded that Ca-bentonite from the Shipovo mine (Šipovo mine), Bosnia and Herzegovina belongs to the group of refractory materials. The highest removal efficiency of As(V) ions expressed in % was 75.11 at the initial concentration of 1.5 mg/L and was recorded using HCl acid-activated Ca-bentonite. The efficiency of Hg(II) ion removal was the highest using thermally activated Ca-bentonite and this value was 99.66% at an initial concentration of 1 mg/L.

Cardiopulmonary function, quality of life, musculoskeletal pain and serum lead level of welders in Enugu, Nigeria

The study related serum lead level to cardiopulmonary function, quality of life and musculoskeletal pain of welders in Enugu, Nigeria. Snowball sampling technique was adopted to reach over 100 Enugu resident welders. The first 100 who met the inclusion criteria and gave their consent to participate in the study were sampled. The welders’ serum lead level was 0.522µg/dl (0.06-1.26 µg/dl). The welders had prevalent low back pain and a very high quality of life for the domain of physical health with a score of 94, and high psychosocial and social relationship domains for quality of life with the scores of 69 and 75 respectively. About 64.2% of the welders had an elevated systolic blood pressure above 120mmHg and 52.6% had diastolic blood pressure elevated above 80mmHg, while only 3.2% of the welders had pulse rates above 100 beats per minute. The mean values for lung function were FVC = 1.43, FEV1 = 1.13 and PEF = 1.61. The significant relationship between serum lead levels (FVC, FEV1 and PEF) could be attributed to lead inhalation. The significant relationship between serum lead levels and low back pain and knee pain could be attributed to lead’s effect on the musculoskeletal system.

Markers of Neurotoxicity: Relating the Serum Levels of Mercury, Lead and Arsenic to Quality of Life of Panel Beaters in Enugu, Nigeria

C.I. Ezema, E.C. Ogbaronya, C.K. Nwafulume, O.C. Eneh

Nigeria’s life expectancy, 54.33 years, is one of the lowest globally. This is made worse by occupational hazards, especially exposure to markers of neurotoxicity, which are most common heavy metals that can be harmful to the body, including aluminum, cadmium, arsenic, lead, and mercury contained in large amount in panel beating facilities, predisposing the artisans to heavy metal toxicity. The short communication reports on the work in progress which aimed to relate serum levels to quality of life of panel beaters who are more prone to the exposure to mercury, lead and arsenic in Enugu, Nigeria. Subsequent report on the field work will carry results, discussion, implications for development, conclusion and recommendations.

Development of Hatri 13ÄP Peanut Varieties for the Mekong Delta, Vietnam

The new advances are applied to production, especially by the method of marker-assisted selection (MAS) in collaboration with by improved method are made to the same breeder together many desirable genes from Yuanza 9102 / ICG 12625. From the crossed Yuanza 9102 / ICG 12625 give selected one line order named HATRI 13 ĐP .The time has grown HATRI 13ĐP (95-100 days ). Height plants from 60-65 cm and compared to parents . Genotype HATRI 13ĐP exhibited significantly the highest pod number (78.0/plant), Hence, these traits can be selected to improve the yield potential of pole-type peanut genotypes. Weigt of 100 seeds reached 42. 1 g compared with their parents (Yuanza 9102 =40.9 g ; ICG 12625 =36.8 g) . Grain quality with red color grain protein and total fat. Productivity of HATRI 13 ĐP has great potential in the winter-spring season, but often for low productivity in the summer, The yield 4.2 tonnes/ha of winter-spring season and 3.5 ton/ha in Wet season.This is just like having wide adaptability, stable yield, should it be production in the Mekong delta ( An Giang, Can tho and Tra Vinh).

The effect of replacing soybean meal with Fava bean seeds in daily ration of Lebanese Baladi goat kids and Awassi sheep lambs: 1- Body performance

Rami Yaacoub

The aim of the study was to investigate the partial and complete substitution of imported soybean meal (SBM) with Fava bean seeds (FBS) in Awassi male lambs (S) and local Baladi goat kids (G) rations and the consequences on body performance. Fifteen growing lambs and 15 growing kids, with an initial bodyweight of 23.09 and 14.90 kg with 100 days of age, respectively, were fed cotton-seed meal (CSM), wheat bran and corn-based diet supplemented with protein legume sources, 75% FBS :25% SBM (S75 & G75), 0% FBS :100% SBM (S100 and G100-positive control) and 100% FBS :0% SBM (SC0 & GC0- negative control). Awassi lambs of all groups had comparable average feed intake (FI) accumulating between 43.9 and 49.4 kg/head and live body weight gain (LBWG) between 6.5 and 10.9 kg/head. Whereas local Baladi goat kids attained a cumulative LBWG levels of 5.7 and 3.96 kg/head and cumulative FI of 28.2 and 29.7 kg/head. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) for lambs attained the best results in group S50 (3.92) and the least in S100 (6.82) and for kids 7.14 in G100 and 5.25 in G75 groups. Feeding group S50 with 50% FBS and 50% SBM in based-ration gave more profit 17.2% than all other groups in comparison with SC0. On the other hand, G75 gave the highest profit by 19.15% in goat kids. Most notably, omitting soybean meal with or without additional protein legume as fava bean seeds replacements resulted in comparable high-body performance level.

The effect of replacing soybean meal with Fava bean seeds in daily ration of Lebanese Baladi goat kids and Awassi sheep lambs: 2- Meat quality

Rami Yaacoub

The objective of this study was the physical characterization of the qualitative traits of meat acquired from different small ruminant species. Local Baladi goat male kids and Awassi male lambs fed basal commercial ration supplemented with different proportions of fava bean seeds (FBS) and soybean meal (SBM). Upon reaching about 7 months of age the experimental animals were slaughtered and samples of muscle tissue were collected to be analyzed. Definitely, meat samples were exposed to evaluations of the physical parameters, including pH, color, water retention and meat texture. Physical quality of meat did not differ much among groups. pH indicator after 7 days of freezing was more acidic for both types of meat. Nevertheless, goat meat was more consistent in being more acidic than mutton calibrating from 6.22 as in GC0 group to 6.29 in G25 (P>0.05). Moreover, if to compare meat obtained from animals fed 25% FBS in daily ration we notice less acidity than other groups attaining the levels of 6.37 and 6.29 in groups S25 and G25, respectively (P>0.05). It shows that after cooling results of L* are higher than those obtained after freezing in all animal-groups of both sheep and goats. Lighter in color meat L* on 0-100 scale was scored in groups consuming the highest proportion of SBM: GC0, SC0, G25 and S25s, where it attained the levels of 54.90, 54.54, 54.41 and 55.64, respectively. The highest redness (a*) of goat meat was achieved in GC0- animal group whose kids were fed rations with 100 % SBM attaining the level of 21.09 (P>0.05) in comparison with all other groups. Although redness in G100 was the lowest (7.75) before freezing, we notice that after freezing this indicator was the highest in this group (13.08) when compared with all experimental animal groups (P>0.05): GC0 (11.20), G75 (8.89), G50 (7.46) and G25 (6.89) in the results obtained for after freezing in animal group. Better results for redness (a*) were achieved in animal groups GC0 (100 % SBM) before freezing at 24 h post-mortem and SCO (100 % FBS) after 7 days of freezing in meat of goat and sheep as well, attaining 21.09, 20.75, 13.08 and 13.91, respectively (P>0.05). In comparing the data obtained yellowness (b*) between goat and sheep meat before and after freezing shows that the highest level of b* was achieved in goat meat in group G75 before (19.08) and after (16.31) freezing (P>0.05) and GC0 (11) after freezing (P0.05). It is worthy to mention that SC0 and GC0 attained statistically significant (P0.05). Thawing loss (%) in sheep was higher than that obtained in goat meat when comparing each two different animal groups fed with the same ingredients as in S25 and G25, S50 and G50, S75 and G75 and S100 and G100, SC0 and GC0 (P>0.05). The highest values (P>0.05) were in groups SC0 (12.21 %) and GC0 (10.93 %) and the lowest in S25 (7.22 %) and G25 (5.80 %). The least cooking losses in water was registered in S50, S25, S100, S75 and SC0 losing weight after cooking averaging to 26.18% Vs 11.09%, 27.54 Vs 11.96, 28.25 Vs 12.28, 32.47 Vs 14.27 and 33.15 Vs 13.09% in both conditions, 24 h Vs 7 days, respectively (P0.05) after cooking after 7 days of freezing whose animals were fed rations containing equal proportions of SBM: FBS (50: 50) next to G75 (7.14 mm), G100 (7.40 mm) and GC0 (7.45 mm). Whereas this trait after 24 h for sheep the lowest was obtained in group SC0 (2.06 mm) in comparison with all other groups, S100, S50, S25 and S75 attaining the levels of 2.08, 2.36, 2.47 and 2.87 mm, respectively (P>0.05). Note that all levels obtained in all goat groups after cooking after 7 of freezing days were significantly higher (P

Study on the Physico-Chemical Properties of Cement Dust and the Possibility of Application in Agriculture

Cement dust is created as a by-product during the production of cement, and in its composition it contains high concentrations of calcium oxide (CaO), potassium oxide (K2O) and other important micro and macro elements. Due to its composition, it is suitable for correcting the pH of the soil, as well as for the uptake of essential elements by plants. The ability to accumulate essential and non-essential heavy metals also depends on the cultivated plant species, and vegetables show the greatest affinity for these elements. The application of cement dust as a soil additive used to improve the physico-chemical soil properties is examined in the paper. After the addition, the soil was mechanically cultivated and planting of the vegetable crop tomato was carried out. The content of essential elements and heavy metals was determined in the soil, cement dust, and tomato fruits grown on soil with and without the addition of cement dust. Due to the high pH value, high conductivity as well as the high content of CaO, it is very important to examine in real conditions how the addition of cement dust to the soil affects the formation of micro and macro elements as well as the content of heavy metals when growing tomatoes. The results showed that the cement kiln dust is an effective addition to the soil because it is a source of calcium, potassium and other essential elements without affecting the loss of quality or contamination with heavy metals during production.

Assessment of major dairy cattle feed resource availability and their chemical composition in Soro district of Hadiya zone, Southern Ethiopia

Degefa Boloche, Tamirat Wato

In Ethiopia, the livestock industry is a vital and central part of the agricultural sector. Livestock farming is important for the supply of meat and milk; it also serves as a source of additional income both for smallholder farmers and livestock owners. This study was conducted to assess the available dairy cattle feed resources and analyze their chemical composition in Soro district, Hadiya zone of Southern Ethiopia. Single-visit-multiple-subjects formal survey technique was used to collect data with the use of pre-tested, structured questionnaires translated into the local language (Hadiyagna). From each of the nine kebeles, twenty households were randomly selected so that 180 households were involved in the study to collect the data. The data collected from individual farmers have been entered into Microsoft Excel (2010) spreadsheet. The major feed resources assessed in the study areas were natural pasture (76.7%), crop residues (63.3%), concentrate (37.8%), improved forages (30%), and others (enset waste, weed and browse trees). From the above feeds grass, wheat straw, teff straw, barley straw, wheat bran, Enset leaf, and Enset stem were collected for chemical analysis. The highest dry matter (95%) was recorded from grass and the lowest (89%) from wheat bran. The highest crude protein of (14.65%) was recorded from wheat bran and the lowest (6.05%) from teff straw. The higher fiber contents of 82.34% and 80.27% were recorded from wheat straw and teff straw, respectively. Hence, the major feed resources were natural pasture and crop residues that are of low quality with high fiber content, which may result in reduced livestock productivity and disease resistance. Therefore, feed shortage, water scarcity, disease, and low productivity of animals were assessed to be the major livestock production constraints.

Evaluation of the Phytochemical and Antibacterial Activity of Four Selected Plant Extracts against Some Pathogenic Bacteria

Birhanu Bekele Gosa, Tamirat Wato Wana

This study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical and antibacterial activity of Acanthus eminens, Celosia trigyna, Drymaria cordata, and Phytolacca dodecandra against the selected pathogenic bacteria; Two strains of Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus) and three strains of Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria. The presences of phytochemicals were analyzed using the standard methods of phytochemical analysis, while the antibacterial activities were analyzed using the disc diffusion method. The results indicated the presence of terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, saponins, flavonoids, and alkaloids in the extracts of A. eminens and C. trigyna. Alkaloids, flavonoids, and phenols are present in the extract of D. cordata and P. dodecandra. Methanolic extracts of Acanthus eminens, Celosia trigyna, Drymaria cordata, and Phytolacca dodecandra were potentially effective with variable efficiency against the tested bacterial strains at a concentration of 4 mg/ml while Celosia trigyna extract was found to be the most effective with a concentration of against all tested bacterial strains. On the other hand, Phytolacca dodecandra extract was found to be effective with a concentration of against B. cereus, S. aureus, S. typhi, and P. Aeruginosa suppressing their growth with inhibition zones of 10.3, 16.7, 11.6, and 11.1 mm, respectively. Celosia trigyna and Phytolacca dodecandra methanolic extracts were the most effective plant extracts and showed bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities against the highly susceptible strains of pathogenic bacteria (Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) with MIC’s ranging from 20 to 0.8 mg/ml and MBC of 4.0 and 0.16 mg/ml, respectively. These plant extracts have high potential antibacterial effects on bacterial strains tested, especially Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. They have been highly effective to be used as a natural alternative treatment to control pathogenic bacteria.

Effectiveness Distribution of Bantuan Pangan Non Tunai Rice (BPNT) through Rumah Pangan Kita (RPK) in the City of Parepare, South Sulawesi Province

H Khatimah, R A Nadja, R M Rukka, D Rukmana, M Arsyad, Hikmawaty ,M Thamrin

BPNT is food assistance distributed by the government in the form of non-cash to Beneficiary Families (KPM). So to support the implementation of the BPNT program, Perum Bulog provides Rumah Pangan Kita (RPK) as a means of supporting the implementation of the program. The purpose of this study was to determine the process and effectiveness of distributing BPNT rice through RPK in Parepare City.This research was conducted in Parepare City and used a quantitative descriptive method. The research sample used is 27 respondents using the criterion sampling method. The results of this study indicate that the distribution of rice to RPK carried out by Perum Bulog Subdivre Parepare includes activities: Processing orders, warehousing, packaging, and transportation. Activities carried out by staff or sections that have been determined previously. The effectiveness of BPNT distribution is measured based on four indicators of accuracy, namely quality of 65.78%, quantity of 69.78%, time of 41.63% and price of 59.56%. Then it shows that it is at the "fairly effective" level.

Utilization of Biochar as organic fertilizer for Seedling growth of Zea mays (Maize)

Opara Ifeoma Juliet, Ukoha Pius Oziri, Obasi Nnamdi Lawrence, Ekere Nwachukwu

The seedling growth of maize, their germination rate and seedling length were ascertained using biochar pyrolyzed at temperatures between 400-550oC. All the biochar used were alkaline and contained mineral-rich components such as; C, Ca, O, K, Na, Mg, Si, Al, that could enrich the soil and as well treat acidic soil. Also all the biochar produced are good for planting. However, biochar pyrolyzed at 400oC gave the maximum seedling growth length. The germination rate was between 75%-100%. Biochar produced at 400o C was significantly (P

Volume 7 Number 4 (July 2022)

The ASMC seeder improves maize sowing in the western region of Burkina Faso

Evaluation of the antimicrobial potential of actinobacteria strains isolated from mangrove soils in the municipality of São Caetano de Odivelas – Pará, Brazil

Effect of Marketing Mix on Consumer Decisions in Purchasing Pesticide Products Antracol 70 WP in Enrekang Regency (Case Study on Shallot Farmers Using Pesticides in Anggeraja District)

An Examination of a Major All Cargo Airline Energy Management: The Case of Cargolux Airlines International

A Review on Flow Injection Analysis for Indirect Determination of Cyanide ion in Environment by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometer

Efficiency of removal Cr(III), Ni(II), Pb(II) ions from simulated wastewater using natural and modified Ca - bentonite

Factors that Influencing Consumer Behavior against Rice Purchase Decisions

Effects of cut back at different leaf phenology stages on the growth of scion of rubber seedlings

Physical and Chemical Analysis of Fish Feed Based on Fermentation of Kelakai Leaf (Stenochlaena palustris (Burm.F.) Bedd)

Amount Stock of Blue Carbon in Mangrove on the Area of Pt Arutmin Indonesia Kintap Mine Mekarsari Village, Tanah Laut Regency, South Kalimantan

Market gardening and the Economy of Urban and Peri-urban Households in the city of Dakar: Case of the Municipalities of Hann-Bel-Air, Parcelles Assainies, Ouakam and Grand-Yoff

Quality and Food Safety of Fishery Products Marketed in Selayar Islands Regency

Effect of spraying salicylic acid and biostimulant (Biomagic) on productivity and quality of pomegranate under heat stress in Siwa Oasis

Trees Outside Forests in Tamil Nadu, India – An Overview

Exploring VaKaranga cosmological ethics of kubata makuku as a panacea for conflict management and resolution in Post-colonial Zimbabwe

Priming Applications with Mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) Larva Rearing Water in White Cabbage Seeds (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata F. alba cv. Yalova 1)

Automated Milk Quality Analyzer with Billing System

Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Nigeria’s Agricultural Sector (1981 to 2019)

Study of Physico- Chemical Parameters of Sugar Industry Effluent

Removal of As(V) and Hg(II) ions from simulated wastewater using natural and modified Ca - bentonite

Cardiopulmonary function, quality of life, musculoskeletal pain and serum lead level of welders in Enugu, Nigeria

Markers of Neurotoxicity: Relating the Serum Levels of Mercury, Lead and Arsenic to Quality of Life of Panel Beaters in Enugu, Nigeria

Development of Hatri 13ÄP Peanut Varieties for the Mekong Delta, Vietnam

The effect of replacing soybean meal with Fava bean seeds in daily ration of Lebanese Baladi goat kids and Awassi sheep lambs: 1- Body performance

The effect of replacing soybean meal with Fava bean seeds in daily ration of Lebanese Baladi goat kids and Awassi sheep lambs: 2- Meat quality

Study on the Physico-Chemical Properties of Cement Dust and the Possibility of Application in Agriculture

Assessment of major dairy cattle feed resource availability and their chemical composition in Soro district of Hadiya zone, Southern Ethiopia

Evaluation of the Phytochemical and Antibacterial Activity of Four Selected Plant Extracts against Some Pathogenic Bacteria

Effectiveness Distribution of Bantuan Pangan Non Tunai Rice (BPNT) through Rumah Pangan Kita (RPK) in the City of Parepare, South Sulawesi Province

Utilization of Biochar as organic fertilizer for Seedling growth of Zea mays (Maize)

Development of Hatri 13ÄP Peanut Varieties for the Mekong Delta, Vietnam