Giving of Biochar and Biocompost to Growth, Results and N Uptake Soybean Plants (Glycyne Max (L) Merr.)

The use of biochar and biocompost can be one solution to the addition of organic matter in soybean cultivation. This study aims to obtain a good description of the role of biochar and biocompost on growth, yield, and N uptake. The results of the study show that: (1) Application of biochar in soybean plants affects plant height, number of vacuous pods, number of pods containing, weight 100 seeds, and N uptake compared with no biochar application. (2) Biocompost application has a significant effect on the height of soybean plants aged 2,3, 4 and 5 weeks after planting, dry weight, seed weight, number of vacuous pods and number of pods filled. (3) Biocompost with a liquid form dose of 2.5 grams/plant significantly affected the number of filled pods and the number of soybean pods. (4) Liquid biocompost dose of 5 grams/plant affects dry weight and plant height of 2 MST. While the 7.5 gram/plant liquid biocompost has an effect on the weight of soybean seed plants. Keywords— Biochar, Biocompost, and Soybeans.

INTRODUCTION Soybean (Glycine max L) is one of the food plants that plays an important role in Indonesia. Annual domestic soybean consumption is estimated at 2.6 million tons to 2.7 million tons. Soybean production in Indonesia alone has not been able to offset these needs (Reily, 2018).In NTB the harvest area and soybean production from 2015-2017 also decreased, which in 2015, soybean production reached 125,036 tons/ha with a planting area of 94,948 ha experiencing a drastic decrease in production to 56,097 tons/ha with an area of 43,149 ha in 2017. Soybean yield potential (tons/ha) in NTB also decreased from 1,316 tons/ha (2015) to 1.3 tons/ha (2017) (Kementerian Pertanian, 2017). This decrease in production is caused by various factors such as soil factors, climate, pests and diseases, and poor methods of land management. Therefore we need a variety of technological innovations that can increase soybean production, one of which is through land intensification. Efforts that can be made to increase the production output both the quality and quantity of soybean production are by adding organic matter in the soil.
Furthermore, the use of biochar and biocompost can be an alternative problem solver in soybean cultivation. Biochar is a material made from the pyrolysis process of organic matter and when deposited on the soil can functio n as a provider of soil carbon for a long time (Quiliam et al, 2013). From various research results, biochar combined with fertilizer can also increase soil nutrients in it which increases soil biota and nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) uptake (DeLuca et al, 2009).
Biocompost itself is compost made with the help of lignocellulolytic microbes that persist and act as controlling agents for plant diseases and decomposers of organic matter (Mastur, 2014). Sudantha (2007) reported that T.harzianum saprophytic fungi SAPRO-07 isolates and T. koningii endophytic fungi ENDO-02 isolates were local superior microbial NTB as decomposers of organic matter.
The interaction of the influence of both is not well known. To obtain a good description of the role of biochar and biocompost on growth, yield and N uptake, this research needs to be carried out in depth. Therefore, the authors are interested in conducting a study of "Biochar and Biocompost Giving Responses to Growth, Yield and Absorption of Soybean Plants (Glycyne Max (L) Merr.)".This study aims to determine the effect of biochar and biocompost administration on growth, yield and N uptake of soybean crop production on dry land.

II.
METHOD The ingredients used include: Anjasmoro variety soybean seeds, biochar ingredients, biocomposite ingredients, and Trichoderma spp. The research was carried out in the village of Montong Are, Kediri District. Based on Table 1, the effect of biochar has a significant effect on the height of soybean plants. The average height of soybean plants with the application of biochar was 15.07 cm, whereas without biochar it was 13.96 cm in the parameters of plant height at 2 MST.Plant height at the age of 3 MST showed the average height of soybean plants with the application of biochar was 19.10 cm, whereas without the application of biochar it was 17.74 cm.

III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Biochar Fermentation Trichoderma Application TestPlant height
The parameters of plant age 4 MST showed that the average height of soybean plants with the application of biochar was 25.09 cm, whereas without the application of biochar it was 22.49 cm. The parameters of plant height 5 MST showed the average height of soybean plants with the application of biochar was 31.14cm, while those without biochar were 28.60 cm.
Biochar can act as a trigger for plant growth and retain nutrients in the soil so that nutrients in the soil are not easily lost in the washing process in the soil and will ultimately affect the increase in yields (Lehmann et al., 2003).In addition, this Trichoderma fermented biochar provides macro nutrient and micro nutrient requirements, containing humic acid (humus) increasing soil cation exchange capacity, increasing soil microorganism life and can help increase soil pH (Lelu et al., 2017). Especially in N nutrient uptake which is important in supporting the growth of soybean plant height. Where according to Lingga and Marsono (2006), that the role of N is to accelerate overall growth, especially stems and leaves. Based on Table 2, biochar has a significant effect on the number of soybean empty pods where without the biochar application the highest number of empty pods is Biochar can spur soil biological functions by providing a growing habitat for soil microorganisms that have an effect on nutrient availability and enzymes (Gomez, et al, 2014). Because the condition around the plant becomes more porous, it is very possible for absorption of available nutrients and inorganic nutrients to influence the process of forming soybean pods (Thies and Rillig, 2009). biochar. The average weight of 100 seeds is highest in the treatment with biochar, which is 17.85 grams and the lowest is in the control treatment (without biochar), which is 16.71 grams. Improving the quality of soybean seeds due to the addition of Trichoderma spp fermented biochar is due to the ability of biochar to help fulfill the nutrients needed by plants for the vegetative and generative phases. Lingga (2003) explains that the nutrients needed by plants are available in sufficient quantities, the metabolic results will increase. Of course cell division, elongation and maturation of tissue becomes more perfect and fast so that the increase in volume and weight is getting faster which in the end plant growth will be better. In table 4, it can be seen that biochar has a significant effect on soybean N uptake in the amount of 1.242%. Compared with without biochar application which only shows N uptake of 0.472%.N uptake in soybean plants is also strongly influenced by the addition of fermented biochar. This is consistent with the statement of Zwieten et al (2010) that the addition of biochar significantly increases N uptake with fertilizers in ferrosol soil. This is because biochar has a high absorption area, high porosity and various content of organic material which has the potential to increase cation exchange capacity, and absorption capacity when added to the soil (Rajakumar and Sankar, 2016).  Of course the administration of biocompost is very appropriate because it can increase nutrient availability, increase nutrient efficiency and take nutrients during fertilizer application (Agegnehu et al, 2015;Jeffery, et.al, 2011). Rizqiani et al (2007) stated that absorbed elements can be used to encourage cell division and the formation of new cells to form better organ organs such as leaves, stems and roots so as to facilitate photosynthesis. Dry weight (gr) with biocompost 5,0 gram granules/plants weight weight is obtained in biocompost treatment in granular form with a dose of 5 grams / plant weighing 9.8 grams.

Dry Sturdy Weight
The difference in dry weight between treatments without biocompost and given biocompost application shows that biocompost is able to provide sufficient amounts of nutrients needed. Lingga (2003) explains that if nutrients are sufficient for plants, metabolic synthesis will increase.
Addition of soil organic matter such as biocompost from Trichoderma spp. this is very influential on the absorption of nutrients in soybean plants. This Trichoderma spp mushroom serves as a source of nutrients for plants and energy sources for soil organisms and helps plants to grow and develop better (Sudantha, 2010a).