Evaluating Climate-Smart Agricultural Systems: A Comparative Analysis of Policy, Practices, and Impacts in India and New Zealand

DOI: 10.22161/ijeab.112.10

Abstract:
Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) has emerged as a critical framework for addressing food security challenges under climate change. This study presents a comparative analysis of CSA systems in India and New Zealand, focusing on policy frameworks, agricultural practices, and socio-economic and environmental impacts. A systematic review of recent literature (2020–2025) was conducted to evaluate implementation outcomes. Results indicate that India prioritizes adaptation strategies and livelihood resilience among smallholder farmers, whereas New Zealand emphasizes greenhouse gas mitigation and precision agriculture. While India faces constraints such as fragmented landholdings and limited access to technology, New Zealand demonstrates strong institutional capacity and innovation-driven systems. The study highlights the need for integrated approaches combining resilience and mitigation strategies for sustainable agricultural development.

Keywords:
Climate-smart agriculture, sustainability, adaptation, mitigation, comparative analysis, food security

Article Info:
Received: 15 Feb 2026; Received in revised form: 20 Mar 2026; Accepted: 27 Mar 2026; Available online: 06 Apr 2026

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